cloud-hypervisor/virtio-devices/src/net.rs

// Copyright 2018 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
//
// Portions Copyright 2017 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the THIRD-PARTY file.

use super::Error as DeviceError;
use super::{
    ActivateError, ActivateResult, EpollHelper, EpollHelperError, EpollHelperHandler, Queue,
    RateLimiterConfig, VirtioCommon, VirtioDevice, VirtioDeviceType, VirtioInterruptType,
    EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST,
};
use crate::seccomp_filters::{get_seccomp_filter, Thread};
use crate::GuestMemoryMmap;
use crate::VirtioInterrupt;
use net_util::CtrlQueue;
use net_util::{
    build_net_config_space, build_net_config_space_with_mq, open_tap,
    virtio_features_to_tap_offload, MacAddr, NetCounters, NetQueuePair, OpenTapError, RxVirtio,
    Tap, TapError, TxVirtio, VirtioNetConfig,
};
use seccomp::{SeccompAction, SeccompFilter};
use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
use std::num::Wrapping;
use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd};
use std::result;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
use std::thread;
use std::vec::Vec;
use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::TryInto};
use versionize::{VersionMap, Versionize, VersionizeResult};
use versionize_derive::Versionize;
use virtio_bindings::bindings::virtio_net::*;
use virtio_bindings::bindings::virtio_ring::VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX;
use vm_memory::{ByteValued, GuestAddressSpace, GuestMemoryAtomic};
use vm_migration::VersionMapped;
use vm_migration::{Migratable, MigratableError, Pausable, Snapshot, Snapshottable, Transportable};
use vmm_sys_util::eventfd::EventFd;

/// Control queue
// Event available on the control queue.
const CTRL_QUEUE_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 1;

pub struct NetCtrlEpollHandler {
    pub mem: GuestMemoryAtomic<GuestMemoryMmap>,
    pub kill_evt: EventFd,
    pub pause_evt: EventFd,
    pub ctrl_q: CtrlQueue,
    pub queue_evt: EventFd,
    pub queue: Queue,
}

impl NetCtrlEpollHandler {
    pub fn run_ctrl(
        &mut self,
        paused: Arc<AtomicBool>,
        paused_sync: Arc<Barrier>,
    ) -> std::result::Result<(), EpollHelperError> {
        let mut helper = EpollHelper::new(&self.kill_evt, &self.pause_evt)?;
        helper.add_event(self.queue_evt.as_raw_fd(), CTRL_QUEUE_EVENT)?;
        helper.run(paused, paused_sync, self)?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl EpollHelperHandler for NetCtrlEpollHandler {
    fn handle_event(&mut self, _helper: &mut EpollHelper, event: &epoll::Event) -> bool {
        let ev_type = event.data as u16;
        match ev_type {
            CTRL_QUEUE_EVENT => {
                let mem = self.mem.memory();
                if let Err(e) = self.queue_evt.read() {
                    error!("failed to get ctl queue event: {:?}", e);
                    return true;
                }
                if let Err(e) = self.ctrl_q.process(&mem, &mut self.queue) {
                    error!("failed to process ctrl queue: {:?}", e);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            _ => {
                error!("Unknown event for virtio-net");
                return true;
            }
        }

        false
    }
}

/// Rx/Tx queue pair
// The guest has made a buffer available to receive a frame into.
pub const RX_QUEUE_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 1;
// The transmit queue has a frame that is ready to send from the guest.
pub const TX_QUEUE_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 2;
// A frame is available for reading from the tap device to receive in the guest.
pub const RX_TAP_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 3;
// New 'wake up' event from the rx rate limiter
pub const RX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 4;
// New 'wake up' event from the tx rate limiter
pub const TX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT: u16 = EPOLL_HELPER_EVENT_LAST + 5;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum Error {
    /// Failed to open taps.
    OpenTap(OpenTapError),

    // Using existing tap
    TapError(TapError),

    // Error calling dup() on tap fd
    DuplicateTapFd(std::io::Error),
}

pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Error>;

struct NetEpollHandler {
    net: NetQueuePair,
    interrupt_cb: Arc<dyn VirtioInterrupt>,
    kill_evt: EventFd,
    pause_evt: EventFd,
    queue_pair: Vec<Queue>,
    queue_evt_pair: Vec<EventFd>,
    // Always generate interrupts until the driver has signalled to the device.
    // This mitigates a problem with interrupts from tap events being "lost" upon
    // a restore as the vCPU thread isn't ready to handle the interrupt. This causes
    // issues when combined with VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX interrupt suppression.
    driver_awake: bool,
}

impl NetEpollHandler {
    fn signal_used_queue(&self, queue: &Queue) -> result::Result<(), DeviceError> {
        self.interrupt_cb
            .trigger(&VirtioInterruptType::Queue, Some(queue))
            .map_err(|e| {
                error!("Failed to signal used queue: {:?}", e);
                DeviceError::FailedSignalingUsedQueue(e)
            })
    }

    fn handle_rx_event(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), DeviceError> {
        let queue_evt = &self.queue_evt_pair[0];
        if let Err(e) = queue_evt.read() {
            error!("Failed to get rx queue event: {:?}", e);
        }

        self.net.rx_desc_avail = true;

        let rate_limit_reached = self
            .net
            .rx_rate_limiter
            .as_ref()
            .map_or(false, |r| r.is_blocked());

        // Start to listen on RX_TAP_EVENT only when the rate limit is not reached
        if !self.net.rx_tap_listening && !rate_limit_reached {
            net_util::register_listener(
                self.net.epoll_fd.unwrap(),
                self.net.tap.as_raw_fd(),
                epoll::Events::EPOLLIN,
                u64::from(self.net.tap_event_id),
            )
            .map_err(DeviceError::IoError)?;
            self.net.rx_tap_listening = true;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn process_tx(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), DeviceError> {
        if self
            .net
            .process_tx(&mut self.queue_pair[1])
            .map_err(DeviceError::NetQueuePair)?
            || !self.driver_awake
        {
            self.signal_used_queue(&self.queue_pair[1])?;
            debug!("Signalling TX queue");
        } else {
            debug!("Not signalling TX queue");
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn handle_tx_event(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), DeviceError> {
        let queue_evt = &self.queue_evt_pair[1];
        if let Err(e) = queue_evt.read() {
            error!("Failed to get tx queue event: {:?}", e);
        }

        let rate_limit_reached = self
            .net
            .tx_rate_limiter
            .as_ref()
            .map_or(false, |r| r.is_blocked());

        if !rate_limit_reached {
            self.process_tx()?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn handle_rx_tap_event(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), DeviceError> {
        if self
            .net
            .process_rx(&mut self.queue_pair[0])
            .map_err(DeviceError::NetQueuePair)?
            || !self.driver_awake
        {
            self.signal_used_queue(&self.queue_pair[0])?;
            debug!("Signalling RX queue");
        } else {
            debug!("Not signalling RX queue");
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn run(
        &mut self,
        paused: Arc<AtomicBool>,
        paused_sync: Arc<Barrier>,
    ) -> result::Result<(), EpollHelperError> {
        let mut helper = EpollHelper::new(&self.kill_evt, &self.pause_evt)?;
        helper.add_event(self.queue_evt_pair[0].as_raw_fd(), RX_QUEUE_EVENT)?;
        helper.add_event(self.queue_evt_pair[1].as_raw_fd(), TX_QUEUE_EVENT)?;
        if let Some(rate_limiter) = &self.net.rx_rate_limiter {
            helper.add_event(rate_limiter.as_raw_fd(), RX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT)?;
        }
        if let Some(rate_limiter) = &self.net.tx_rate_limiter {
            helper.add_event(rate_limiter.as_raw_fd(), TX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT)?;
        }

        // If there are some already available descriptors on the RX queue,
        // then we can start the thread while listening onto the TAP.
        if self.queue_pair[0]
            .available_descriptors(&self.net.mem.as_ref().unwrap().memory())
            .unwrap()
        {
            helper.add_event(self.net.tap.as_raw_fd(), RX_TAP_EVENT)?;
            self.net.rx_tap_listening = true;
            info!("Listener registered at start");
        }

        // The NetQueuePair needs the epoll fd.
        self.net.epoll_fd = Some(helper.as_raw_fd());

        helper.run(paused, paused_sync, self)?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl EpollHelperHandler for NetEpollHandler {
    fn handle_event(&mut self, _helper: &mut EpollHelper, event: &epoll::Event) -> bool {
        let ev_type = event.data as u16;
        match ev_type {
            RX_QUEUE_EVENT => {
                self.driver_awake = true;
                if let Err(e) = self.handle_rx_event() {
                    error!("Error processing RX queue: {:?}", e);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            TX_QUEUE_EVENT => {
                self.driver_awake = true;
                if let Err(e) = self.handle_tx_event() {
                    error!("Error processing TX queue: {:?}", e);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            RX_TAP_EVENT => {
                if let Err(e) = self.handle_rx_tap_event() {
                    error!("Error processing tap queue: {:?}", e);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            RX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT => {
                if let Some(rate_limiter) = &mut self.net.rx_rate_limiter {
                    // Upon rate limiter event, call the rate limiter handler and register the
                    // TAP fd for further processing if some RX buffers are available
                    match rate_limiter.event_handler() {
                        Ok(_) => {
                            if !self.net.rx_tap_listening && self.net.rx_desc_avail {
                                if let Err(e) = net_util::register_listener(
                                    self.net.epoll_fd.unwrap(),
                                    self.net.tap.as_raw_fd(),
                                    epoll::Events::EPOLLIN,
                                    u64::from(self.net.tap_event_id),
                                ) {
                                    error!("Error register_listener with `RX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT`: {:?}", e);
                                    return true;
                                }
                                self.net.rx_tap_listening = true;
                            }
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            error!("Error from 'rate_limiter.event_handler()': {:?}", e);
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    error!("Unexpected RX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT");
                    return true;
                }
            }
            TX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT => {
                if let Some(rate_limiter) = &mut self.net.tx_rate_limiter {
                    // Upon rate limiter event, call the rate limiter handler
                    // and restart processing the queue.
                    match rate_limiter.event_handler() {
                        Ok(_) => {
                            self.driver_awake = true;
                            if let Err(e) = self.process_tx() {
                                error!("Error processing TX queue: {:?}", e);
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            error!("Error from 'rate_limiter.event_handler()': {:?}", e);
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    error!("Unexpected TX_RATE_LIMITER_EVENT");
                    return true;
                }
            }
            _ => {
                error!("Unknown event: {}", ev_type);
                return true;
            }
        }
        false
    }
}

pub struct Net {
    common: VirtioCommon,
    id: String,
    taps: Vec<Tap>,
    config: VirtioNetConfig,
    ctrl_queue_epoll_thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
    counters: NetCounters,
    seccomp_action: SeccompAction,
    rate_limiter_config: Option<RateLimiterConfig>,
}

#[derive(Versionize)]
pub struct NetState {
    pub avail_features: u64,
    pub acked_features: u64,
    pub config: VirtioNetConfig,
    pub queue_size: Vec<u16>,
}

impl VersionMapped for NetState {}

impl Net {
    /// Create a new virtio network device with the given TAP interface.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new_with_tap(
        id: String,
        taps: Vec<Tap>,
        guest_mac: Option<MacAddr>,
        iommu: bool,
        num_queues: usize,
        queue_size: u16,
        seccomp_action: SeccompAction,
        rate_limiter_config: Option<RateLimiterConfig>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut avail_features = 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_CSUM
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_GUEST_OFFLOADS
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_CSUM
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_ECN
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_TSO4
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_TSO6
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_UFO
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_ECN
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_TSO4
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_TSO6
            | 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_UFO
            | 1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX
            | 1 << VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1;

        if iommu {
            avail_features |= 1u64 << VIRTIO_F_IOMMU_PLATFORM;
        }

        avail_features |= 1 << VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ;
        let queue_num = num_queues + 1;

        let mut config = VirtioNetConfig::default();
        if let Some(mac) = guest_mac {
            build_net_config_space(&mut config, mac, num_queues, &mut avail_features);
        } else {
            build_net_config_space_with_mq(&mut config, num_queues, &mut avail_features);
        }

        Ok(Net {
            common: VirtioCommon {
                device_type: VirtioDeviceType::Net as u32,
                avail_features,
                queue_sizes: vec![queue_size; queue_num],
                paused_sync: Some(Arc::new(Barrier::new((num_queues / 2) + 1))),
                min_queues: 2,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            id,
            taps,
            config,
            ctrl_queue_epoll_thread: None,
            counters: NetCounters::default(),
            seccomp_action,
            rate_limiter_config,
        })
    }

    /// Create a new virtio network device with the given IP address and
    /// netmask.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        id: String,
        if_name: Option<&str>,
        ip_addr: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
        netmask: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
        guest_mac: Option<MacAddr>,
        host_mac: &mut Option<MacAddr>,
        iommu: bool,
        num_queues: usize,
        queue_size: u16,
        seccomp_action: SeccompAction,
        rate_limiter_config: Option<RateLimiterConfig>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let taps = open_tap(if_name, ip_addr, netmask, host_mac, num_queues / 2, None)
            .map_err(Error::OpenTap)?;

        Self::new_with_tap(
            id,
            taps,
            guest_mac,
            iommu,
            num_queues,
            queue_size,
            seccomp_action,
            rate_limiter_config,
        )
    }

    pub fn from_tap_fds(
        id: String,
        fds: &[RawFd],
        guest_mac: Option<MacAddr>,
        iommu: bool,
        queue_size: u16,
        seccomp_action: SeccompAction,
        rate_limiter_config: Option<RateLimiterConfig>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut taps: Vec<Tap> = Vec::new();
        let num_queue_pairs = fds.len();

        for fd in fds.iter() {
            // Duplicate so that it can survive reboots
            let fd = unsafe { libc::dup(*fd) };
            if fd < 0 {
                return Err(Error::DuplicateTapFd(std::io::Error::last_os_error()));
            }
            let tap = Tap::from_tap_fd(fd, num_queue_pairs).map_err(Error::TapError)?;
            taps.push(tap);
        }

        Self::new_with_tap(
            id,
            taps,
            guest_mac,
            iommu,
            num_queue_pairs * 2,
            queue_size,
            seccomp_action,
            rate_limiter_config,
        )
    }

    fn state(&self) -> NetState {
        NetState {
            avail_features: self.common.avail_features,
            acked_features: self.common.acked_features,
            config: self.config,
            queue_size: self.common.queue_sizes.clone(),
        }
    }

    fn set_state(&mut self, state: &NetState) {
        self.common.avail_features = state.avail_features;
        self.common.acked_features = state.acked_features;
        self.config = state.config;
        self.common.queue_sizes = state.queue_size.clone();
    }
}

impl Drop for Net {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if let Some(kill_evt) = self.common.kill_evt.take() {
            // Ignore the result because there is nothing we can do about it.
            let _ = kill_evt.write(1);
        }
    }
}

impl VirtioDevice for Net {
    fn device_type(&self) -> u32 {
        self.common.device_type
    }

    fn queue_max_sizes(&self) -> &[u16] {
        &self.common.queue_sizes
    }

    fn features(&self) -> u64 {
        self.common.avail_features
    }

    fn ack_features(&mut self, value: u64) {
        self.common.ack_features(value)
    }

    fn read_config(&self, offset: u64, data: &mut [u8]) {
        self.read_config_from_slice(self.config.as_slice(), offset, data);
    }

    fn activate(
        &mut self,
        mem: GuestMemoryAtomic<GuestMemoryMmap>,
        interrupt_cb: Arc<dyn VirtioInterrupt>,
        mut queues: Vec<Queue>,
        mut queue_evts: Vec<EventFd>,
    ) -> ActivateResult {
        self.common.activate(&queues, &queue_evts, &interrupt_cb)?;

        let queue_num = queues.len();
        if self.common.feature_acked(VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ.into()) && queue_num % 2 != 0 {
            let cvq_queue = queues.remove(queue_num - 1);
            let cvq_queue_evt = queue_evts.remove(queue_num - 1);

            let (kill_evt, pause_evt) = self.common.dup_eventfds();
            let mut ctrl_handler = NetCtrlEpollHandler {
                mem: mem.clone(),
                kill_evt,
                pause_evt,
                ctrl_q: CtrlQueue::new(self.taps.clone()),
                queue: cvq_queue,
                queue_evt: cvq_queue_evt,
            };

            let paused = self.common.paused.clone();
            // Let's update the barrier as we need 1 for each RX/TX pair +
            // 1 for the control queue + 1 for the main thread signalling
            // the pause.
            self.common.paused_sync = Some(Arc::new(Barrier::new(self.taps.len() + 2)));
            let paused_sync = self.common.paused_sync.clone();

            // Retrieve seccomp filter for virtio_net_ctl thread
            let virtio_net_ctl_seccomp_filter =
                get_seccomp_filter(&self.seccomp_action, Thread::VirtioNetCtl)
                    .map_err(ActivateError::CreateSeccompFilter)?;
            thread::Builder::new()
                .name(format!("{}_ctrl", self.id))
                .spawn(move || {
                    if let Err(e) = SeccompFilter::apply(virtio_net_ctl_seccomp_filter) {
                        error!("Error applying seccomp filter: {:?}", e);
                    } else if let Err(e) = ctrl_handler.run_ctrl(paused, paused_sync.unwrap()) {
                        error!("Error running worker: {:?}", e);
                    }
                })
                .map(|thread| self.ctrl_queue_epoll_thread = Some(thread))
                .map_err(|e| {
                    error!("failed to clone queue EventFd: {}", e);
                    ActivateError::BadActivate
                })?;
        }

        let event_idx = self.common.feature_acked(VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX.into());

        let mut epoll_threads = Vec::new();
        let mut taps = self.taps.clone();
        for i in 0..queues.len() / 2 {
            let rx = RxVirtio::new();
            let tx = TxVirtio::new();
            let rx_tap_listening = false;

            let mut queue_pair = vec![queues.remove(0), queues.remove(0)];
            queue_pair[0].set_event_idx(event_idx);
            queue_pair[1].set_event_idx(event_idx);

            let queue_evt_pair = vec![queue_evts.remove(0), queue_evts.remove(0)];

            let (kill_evt, pause_evt) = self.common.dup_eventfds();

            let rx_rate_limiter: Option<rate_limiter::RateLimiter> = self
                .rate_limiter_config
                .map(RateLimiterConfig::try_into)
                .transpose()
                .map_err(ActivateError::CreateRateLimiter)?;

            let tx_rate_limiter: Option<rate_limiter::RateLimiter> = self
                .rate_limiter_config
                .map(RateLimiterConfig::try_into)
                .transpose()
                .map_err(ActivateError::CreateRateLimiter)?;

            let tap = taps.remove(0);
            tap.set_offload(virtio_features_to_tap_offload(self.common.acked_features))
                .map_err(|e| {
                    error!("Error programming tap offload: {:?}", e);
                    ActivateError::BadActivate
                })?;

            let mut handler = NetEpollHandler {
                net: NetQueuePair {
                    mem: Some(mem.clone()),
                    tap,
                    rx,
                    tx,
                    epoll_fd: None,
                    rx_tap_listening,
                    counters: self.counters.clone(),
                    tap_event_id: RX_TAP_EVENT,
                    rx_desc_avail: false,
                    rx_rate_limiter,
                    tx_rate_limiter,
                },
                queue_pair,
                queue_evt_pair,
                interrupt_cb: interrupt_cb.clone(),
                kill_evt,
                pause_evt,
                driver_awake: false,
            };

            let paused = self.common.paused.clone();
            let paused_sync = self.common.paused_sync.clone();
            // Retrieve seccomp filter for virtio_net thread
            let virtio_net_seccomp_filter =
                get_seccomp_filter(&self.seccomp_action, Thread::VirtioNet)
                    .map_err(ActivateError::CreateSeccompFilter)?;
            thread::Builder::new()
                .name(format!("{}_qp{}", self.id.clone(), i))
                .spawn(move || {
                    if let Err(e) = SeccompFilter::apply(virtio_net_seccomp_filter) {
                        error!("Error applying seccomp filter: {:?}", e);
                    } else if let Err(e) = handler.run(paused, paused_sync.unwrap()) {
                        error!("Error running worker: {:?}", e);
                    }
                })
                .map(|thread| epoll_threads.push(thread))
                .map_err(|e| {
                    error!("failed to clone queue EventFd: {}", e);
                    ActivateError::BadActivate
                })?;
        }

        self.common.epoll_threads = Some(epoll_threads);

        event!("virtio-device", "activated", "id", &self.id);
        Ok(())
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) -> Option<Arc<dyn VirtioInterrupt>> {
        let result = self.common.reset();
        event!("virtio-device", "reset", "id", &self.id);
        result
    }

    fn counters(&self) -> Option<HashMap<&'static str, Wrapping<u64>>> {
        let mut counters = HashMap::new();

        counters.insert(
            "rx_bytes",
            Wrapping(self.counters.rx_bytes.load(Ordering::Acquire)),
        );
        counters.insert(
            "rx_frames",
            Wrapping(self.counters.rx_frames.load(Ordering::Acquire)),
        );
        counters.insert(
            "tx_bytes",
            Wrapping(self.counters.tx_bytes.load(Ordering::Acquire)),
        );
        counters.insert(
            "tx_frames",
            Wrapping(self.counters.tx_frames.load(Ordering::Acquire)),
        );

        Some(counters)
    }
}

impl Pausable for Net {
    fn pause(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), MigratableError> {
        self.common.pause()
    }

    fn resume(&mut self) -> result::Result<(), MigratableError> {
        self.common.resume()?;

        if let Some(ctrl_queue_epoll_thread) = &self.ctrl_queue_epoll_thread {
            ctrl_queue_epoll_thread.thread().unpark();
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl Snapshottable for Net {
    fn id(&self) -> String {
        self.id.clone()
    }

    fn snapshot(&mut self) -> std::result::Result<Snapshot, MigratableError> {
        Snapshot::new_from_versioned_state(&self.id, &self.state())
    }

    fn restore(&mut self, snapshot: Snapshot) -> std::result::Result<(), MigratableError> {
        self.set_state(&snapshot.to_versioned_state(&self.id)?);
        Ok(())
    }
}
impl Transportable for Net {}
impl Migratable for Net {}