libvirt/docs/kbase/virtiofs.rst

============================
Sharing files with Virtio-FS
============================

.. contents::

Virtio-FS
=========

Virtio-FS is a shared file system that lets virtual machines access
a directory tree on the host. Unlike existing approaches, it
is designed to offer local file system semantics and performance.

See https://virtio-fs.gitlab.io/

Host setup
==========

The host-side virtiofsd daemon, like other vhost-user backed devices,
requires shared memory between the host and the guest. As of QEMU 4.2, this
requires specifying a NUMA topology for the guest and explicitly specifying
a memory backend. Multiple options are available:

Either of the following:

* Use file-backed memory

  Configure the directory where the files backing the memory will be stored
  with the ``memory_backing_dir`` option in ``/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf``

  ::

    # This directory is used for memoryBacking source if configured as file.
    # NOTE: big files will be stored here
    memory_backing_dir = "/dev/shm/"

* Use hugepage-backed memory

  Make sure there are enough huge pages allocated for the requested guest memory.
  For example, for one guest with 2 GiB of RAM backed by 2 MiB hugepages:

  ::

      # virsh allocpages 2M 1024

Guest setup
===========

#. Specify the NUMA topology

   in the domain XML of the guest.
   For the simplest one-node topology for a guest with 2GiB of RAM and 8 vCPUs:

   ::

      <domain>
        ...
        <cpu ...>
          <numa>
            <cell id='0' cpus='0-7' memory='2' unit='GiB' memAccess='shared'/>
          </numa>
        </cpu>
       ...
      </domain>

   Note that the CPU element might already be specified and only one is allowed.

#. Specify the memory backend

   Either of the following:

   * File-backed memory

     ::

        <domain>
          ...
          <memoryBacking>
            <access mode='shared'/>
          </memoryBacking>
          ...
        </domain>

     This will create a file in the directory specified in ``qemu.conf``

   * Hugepage-backed memory

     ::

        <domain>
          ...
          <memoryBacking>
            <hugepages>
              <page size='2' unit='M'/>
            </hugepages>
            <access mode='shared'/>
          </memoryBacking>
          ...
        </domain>

#. Add the ``vhost-user-fs`` QEMU device via the ``filesystem`` element

   ::

      <domain>
        ...
        <devices>
          ...
          <filesystem type='mount' accessmode='passthrough'>
            <driver type='virtiofs'/>
            <source dir='/path'/>
            <target dir='mount_tag'/>
          </filesystem>
          ...
        </devices>
      </domain>

   Note that despite its name, the ``target dir`` is actually a mount tag and does
   not have to correspond to the desired mount point in the guest.

   So far, ``passthrough`` is the only supported access mode and it requires
   running the ``virtiofsd`` daemon as root.

#. Boot the guest and mount the filesystem

   ::

      guest# mount -t virtiofs mount_tag /mnt/mount/path

   Note: this requires virtiofs support in the guest kernel (Linux v5.4 or later)

Optional parameters
===================

More optional elements can be specified

::

  <driver type='virtiofs' queue='1024'/>
  <binary path='/usr/libexec/virtiofsd' xattr='on'>
    <cache mode='always'/>
    <lock posix='on' flock='on'/>
  </binary>