2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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<h1>QEMU/KVM hypervisor driver</h1>
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2009-05-21 14:20:21 +00:00
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<ul id="toc"></ul>
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2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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<p>
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The libvirt QEMU driver can manage any QEMU emulator from version 0.8.1
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or later. It can also manage anything that provides the same QEMU command
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line syntax and monitor interaction. This includes KVM, and Xenner.
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</p>
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2009-05-21 14:20:21 +00:00
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<h2><a name="prereq">Deployment pre-requisites</a></h2>
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2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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<ul>
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<li>
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<strong>QEMU emulators</strong>: The driver will probe <code>/usr/bin</code>
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for the presence of <code>qemu</code>, <code>qemu-system-x86_64</code>,
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<code>qemu-system-mips</code>,<code>qemu-system-mipsel</code>,
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<code>qemu-system-sparc</code>,<code>qemu-system-ppc</code>. The results
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of this can be seen from the capabilities XML output.
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</li>
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<li>
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<strong>KVM hypervisor</strong>: The driver will probe <code>/usr/bin</code>
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for the presence of <code>qemu-kvm</code> and <code>/dev/kvm</code> device
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node. If both are found, then KVM fullyvirtualized, hardware accelerated
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guests will be available.
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</li>
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<li>
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<strong>Xenner hypervisor</strong>: The driver will probe <code>/usr/bin</code>
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for the presence of <code>xenner</code> and <code>/dev/kvm</code> device
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node. If both are found, then Xen paravirtualized guests can be run using
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the KVM hardware acceleration.
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</li>
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</ul>
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2009-05-21 14:20:21 +00:00
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<h2><a name="uris">Connections to QEMU driver</a></h2>
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2009-01-27 14:49:09 +00:00
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<p>
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The libvirt QEMU driver is a multi-instance driver, providing a single
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system wide privileged driver (the "system" instance), and per-user
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unprivileged drivers (the "session" instance). The of the driver protocol
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is "qemu". Some example conection URIs for the libvirt driver are:
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</p>
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<pre>
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qemu:///session (local access to per-user instance)
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qemu+unix:///session (local access to per-user instance)
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qemu:///system (local access to system instance)
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qemu+unix:///system (local access to system instance)
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qemu://example.com/system (remote access, TLS/x509)
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qemu+tcp://example.com/system (remote access, SASl/Kerberos)
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qemu+ssh://root@example.com/system (remote access, SSH tunnelled)
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</pre>
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2009-05-21 14:20:21 +00:00
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<h2><a name="imex">Import and export of libvirt domain XML configs</a></h2>
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<p>The QEMU driver currently supports a single native
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config format known as <code>qemu-argv</code>. The data for this format
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is expected to be a single line first a list of environment variables,
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then the QEMu binary name, finally followed by the QEMU command line
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arguments</p>
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<h3><a name="xmlimport">Converting from QEMU args to domain XML</a></h3>
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<p>
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The <code>virsh domxml-from-native</code> provides a way to convert an
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existing set of QEMU args into a guest description using libvirt Domain XML
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that can then be used by libvirt.
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</p>
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<pre>$ cat > demo.args <<EOF
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LC_ALL=C PATH=/bin HOME=/home/test USER=test \
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LOGNAME=test /usr/bin/qemu -S -M pc -m 214 -smp 1 \
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-nographic -monitor pty -no-acpi -boot c -hda \
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/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1 -net none -serial none \
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-parallel none -usb
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EOF
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$ virsh domxml-from-native qemu-argv demo.args
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<domain type='qemu'>
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<uuid>00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000</uuid>
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<memory>219136</memory>
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<currentMemory>219136</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type>
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<boot dev='hd'/>
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</os>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu</emulator>
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<disk type='block' device='disk'>
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<source dev='/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
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</disk>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>NB, don't include the literral \ in the args, put everything on one line</p>
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<h3><a name="xmlexport">Converting from domain XML to QEMU args</a></h3>
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<p>
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The <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> provides a way to convert a
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guest description using libvirt Domain XML, into a set of QEMU args
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that can be run manually.
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</p>
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<pre>$ cat > demo.xml <<EOF
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<domain type='qemu'>
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<name>QEMUGuest1</name>
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<uuid>c7a5fdbd-edaf-9455-926a-d65c16db1809</uuid>
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<memory>219200</memory>
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<currentMemory>219200</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type>
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<boot dev='hd'/>
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</os>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu</emulator>
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<disk type='block' device='disk'>
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<source dev='/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
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</disk>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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EOF
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$ virsh domxml-to-native qemu-argv demo.xml
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LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/bin:/bin HOME=/home/test \
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USER=test LOGNAME=test /usr/bin/qemu -S -M pc \
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-no-kqemu -m 214 -smp 1 -name QEMUGuest1 -nographic \
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-monitor pty -no-acpi -boot c -drive \
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file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,if=ide,index=0 -net none \
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-serial none -parallel none -usb
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</pre>
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2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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<h2><a name="xmlconfig">Example domain XML config</a></h2>
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<h3>QEMU emulated guest on x86_64</h3>
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<pre><domain type='qemu'>
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<name>QEmu-fedora-i686</name>
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<uuid>c7a5fdbd-cdaf-9455-926a-d65c16db1809</uuid>
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<memory>219200</memory>
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<currentMemory>219200</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>2</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type>
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<boot dev='cdrom'/>
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</os>
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<devices>
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<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<source file='/home/user/boot.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<source file='/home/user/fedora.img'/>
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<target dev='hda'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='network'>
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2008-07-08 17:44:56 +00:00
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<source network='default'/>
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2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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</interface>
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<graphics type='vnc' port='-1'/>
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</devices>
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</domain></pre>
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<h3>KVM hardware accelerated guest on i686</h3>
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<pre><domain type='kvm'>
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<name>demo2</name>
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<uuid>4dea24b3-1d52-d8f3-2516-782e98a23fa0</uuid>
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<memory>131072</memory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch="i686">hvm</type>
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</os>
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<clock sync="localtime"/>
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<devices>
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<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/demo2.img'/>
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<target dev='hda'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='network'>
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<source network='default'/>
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<mac address='24:42:53:21:52:45'/>
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</interface>
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2008-12-26 13:37:53 +00:00
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<graphics type='vnc' port='-1' keymap='de'/>
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2008-04-23 17:08:31 +00:00
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</devices>
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</domain></pre>
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<h3>Xen paravirtualized guests with hardware acceleration</h3>
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</body>
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</html>
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