Alter the example to remove the <auth> from:
<disk type='volume' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source pool='iscsi-pool' volume='unit:0:0:1' mode='host'/>
<auth username='myuser'>
<secret type='iscsi' usage='libvirtiscsi'/>
</auth>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
and
<disk type='volume' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source pool='iscsi-pool' volume='unit:0:0:2' mode='direct'/>
<auth username='myuser'>
<secret type='iscsi' usage='libvirtiscsi'/>
</auth>
<target dev='vdc' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
The reality is, it's not even used. For a <source pool> the authdef
from the storage source pool will supercede whatever is in the <disk>
definition during virStorageTranslateDiskSourcePool processing. In fact,
if the pool doesn't have/need authentication, then the authdef would
be removed anyway as the storage pool would be handling things.
The "proof" for this is in the adjustment to the test to add an
<auth> for a disk. The resulting .args file won't add what normally
would be added "myname:encodedpassword@" prior to the hostname in
the IQN (e.g. iscsi://myname:encodedpassword@iscsi.example.org:3260/...
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1477880
If the "/#" is missing from the provided iSCSI path, then we need
to provide the default LUN of /0; otherwise, QEMU will fail to parse
the URL causing a failure to either create the guest or hotplug
attach the storage.
During post parse, for any iSCSI disk or hostdev, scan the source
path looking for the presence of '/', if found, then we can assume
the LUN is provided. If not found, alter the input XML to add the
"/0". This will cause the generated XML to have the generated
value when the domain config is saved after post parse.
arm/aarch64 -M virt on KVM doesn't and will never work with standard
VGA card emulation. The recommended method is to use type=virtio, so
let's make it the default for video devices without an explicit type
set by the user.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1404112
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Currently while parsing domain XML we clear the UNIX path if it matches
one of the auto-generated paths by libvirt. After that when the guest
is started new path is generated but the mode is also changed to "bind".
In the real-world use-case the mode should not change, it only happens
if a user provides a mode='connect' and path that matches one of the
auto-generated path or not provides a path at all.
Before *reconnect* feature was introduced there was no issue, but with
the new feature we need to make sure that it's used only with "connect"
mode, therefore we need to move the mode change into parsing in order
to have a proper error reported by validation code.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
The test was introduced by 60135b22db.
The auto-generated path is removed by post-parse callback which
also changes the mode from "connect" to "bind" since the auto-generated
path makes sense only for "bind" mode.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
I mistakenly thought pSeries guests supported 32 PHBs,
but it turns out they only support 31. Validate the
target index accordingly.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1479647
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Split one of the existing tests to ensure both configuration
errors it contained cause a failure, and introduce a new
test case.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
There's some specific logic in qemuBuildCpuCommandLine to support
auto adding -cpu qemu 32 for arch=i686 with an x86_64 qemu binary.
Add a test case for it
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1458638
This code is so complicated because we allow enabling the same
bits at many places. Just like in this case: huge pages can be
enabled by global <hugepages/> element under <memoryBacking> or
on per <memory/> basis. To complicate things a bit more, users
are allowed to omit the page size which case the default page
size is used. And this is what is causing this bug. If no page
size is specified, @pagesize is keeping value of zero throughout
whole function. Therefore we need yet another boolean to hold
[use, don't use] information as we can't sue @pagesize for that.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Kletzander <mkletzan@redhat.com>
Validate that we can pass QEMU command line options using a default
namespace, instead of a prefixed namespace
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Certain XML features that aren't in the <cpu> block map to -cpu
flags on the qemu cli. If one of these is specified but the user
didn't explicitly pass an XML <cpu> model, we need to format a
default model on the command line.
The current code handles this by sprinkling this default cpu handling
among all the different flag string formatting. Instead, switch it
to do this just once.
This alters some test output slightly: the previous code would
write the default -cpu in some cases when no flags were actually
added, so the output was redundant.
Reviewed-by: Ján Tomko <jtomko@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Disk serial schema has extra '.+' allowed characters in comparison
with check in code. Looks like there is no reason for that as qemu
allows any character AFAIK for serial. This discrepancy is originated
in commit id '85d15b51' where the ability to add serial was added.
Alter the disk-serial test to add a disk with all the possible
characters listed as the serial value.
While using "definitely-not-virtio" as a model name is very
cute, it will also cause the relevant test to fail once we
introduce stricter validation.
Use "e1000", which is definitely not virtio but also a valid
model name, instead.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
It's possible to have more than one unnamed virtio-serial unix channel.
We need to generate a unique name for each channel. Currently, we use
".../unknown.sock" for all of them. Better practice would be to specify
an explicit target path name; however, in the absence of that, we need
uniqueness in the names we generate internally.
Before the changes we'd get /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/unknown.sock
for each instance of
<channel type='unix'>
<source mode='bind'/>
<target type='virtio'/>
</channel>
Now, we get vioser-00-00-01.sock, vioser-00-00-02.sock, etc.
Signed-off-by: Scott Garfinkle <seg@us.ibm.com>
This patch addresses the same aspects on PPC the bug 1103314 addressed
on x86.
PCI expander bus creates multiple primary PCI busses, where each of these
busses can be assigned a specific NUMA affinity, which, on x86 is
advertised through ACPI on a per-bus basis.
For SPAPR, a PHB's NUMA affinities are assigned on a per-PHB basis, and
there is no mechanism for advertising NUMA affinities to a guest on a
per-bus basis. So, even if qemu-ppc manages to get some sort of multi-bus
topology working using PXB, there is no way to expose the affinities
of these busses to the guest. It can only be exposed on a per-PHB/per-domain
basis.
So patch enables NUMA node tag in pci-root controller on PPC.
The way to set the NUMA node is through the numa_node option of
spapr-pci-host-bridge device. However for the implicit PHB, the only way
to set the numa_node is from the -global option. The -global option applies
to all the PHBs unless explicitly specified with the option on the
respective PHB of CLI. The default PHB has the emulated devices only, so
the patch prevents setting the NUMA node for the default PHB.
Signed-off-by: Shivaprasad G Bhat <sbhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
All the pieces are now in place, so we can finally start
using isolation groups to achieve our initial goal, which is
separating hostdevs from emulated PCI devices while keeping
hostdevs that belong to the same host IOMMU group together.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1280542
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org>
When looking for slots suitable for a PCI device, libvirt
might need to add an extra PCI controller: for pSeries guests,
we want that extra controller to be a PHB (pci-root) rather
than a PCI bridge.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org>
PCI bus has to be numbered sequentially, and no index can be
missing, so libvirt will fill in the blanks automatically for
the user.
Up until now, it has done so using either pci-bridge, for machine
types based on legacy PCI, or pcie-root-port, for machine types
based on PCI Express. Neither choice is good for pSeries guests,
where PHBs (pci-root) should be used instead.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org>
These tests demonstrate that, while it's now possible for the
user to create PHB explicitly and manually assign devices to
them, libvirt still defaults to extending the guest PCI
topology using PCI bridges and making suboptimal device
placement choices.
The next few commits will improve on these behaviors and the
tests outputs will automatically be updated to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org>
Some qemu arch/machine types have built in platform devices that
are always implicitly available. For platform serial devices, the
current code assumes that only old style -serial config can be
used for these devices.
Apparently though since -chardev was introduced, we can use -chardev
in these cases, like this:
-chardev pty,id=foo
-serial chardev:foo
Since -chardev enables all sorts of modern features, use this method
for platform devices.
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Several tests are intending to test some serial/console related
bits but aren't setting QEMU_CAPS_CHARDEV. This will soon be enabled
unconditionally so let's add it ahead of time.
* q35-virt-manager-basic: Intended to test a virt-manager q35 config,
which will include a serial/console device
* console-compat*: console/serial XML compat handling
* bios: Needs a serial device for sgabios CLI
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
These tests are exercising old style -serial command lines. That
code will soon be removed, so drop these tests.
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Several cases have incidental <serial> or <console> XML which aren't
the features being tested for. Upcoming changes will cause some
churn here, so instead drop these bits now.
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
AFAIK there aren't any cases where we will/should hit the old code
path for our supported qemu versions, so drop the old code.
Massive test suite churn follows
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
AFAIK there aren't any qemu arch/machine types with platform parallel
devices that would require old style -parallel config, so we shouldn't
ever need this nowadays.
Remove a now redundant test
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
This demonstrates that the previous qemu caps changes will use
-chardev for pci-serial on aarch64 machvirt
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Check for the LOADPARM capabilility and potentially add a loadparm=x to
the "-machine" string for the QEMU command line.
Also add xml2argv test cases for loadparm.
Signed-off-by: Farhan Ali <alifm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Bjoern Walk <bwalk@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Fiuczynski <fiuczy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Hartmayer <mhartmay@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Update the per device boot schema to add an optional loadparm parameter.
eg: <boot order='1' loadparm='2'/>
Extend the virDomainDeviceInfo to support loadparm option.
Modify the appropriate functions to parse loadparm from boot device xml.
Add the xml2xml test to validate the field.
Signed-off-by: Farhan Ali <alifm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Bjoern Walk <bwalk@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Fiuczynski <fiuczy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Hartmayer <mhartmay@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When added in multiple previous commits, it was used only with -device
qxl(-vga), but for some QEMUs (< 1.6) we need to add this
functionality when using -vga qxl as well.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1283207
Signed-off-by: Martin Kletzander <mkletzan@redhat.com>
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1214369
My fix 671d18594f was incomplete. If domain doesn't have
hugepages enabled, because of missing condition we would still be
putting hugepages path onto qemu cmd line. Clean up the
conditions so that it's more visible next time.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1214369
Consider the following XML:
<memoryBacking>
<hugepages>
<page size='2048' unit='KiB' nodeset='1'/>
</hugepages>
<source type='file'/>
<access mode='shared'/>
</memoryBacking>
<numa>
<cell id='0' cpus='0-3' memory='512000' unit='KiB'/>
<cell id='1' cpus='4-7' memory='512000' unit='KiB'/>
</numa>
The following cmd line is generated:
-object
memory-backend-file,id=ram-node0,mem-path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ram,
share=yes,size=524288000 -numa node,nodeid=0,cpus=0-3,memdev=ram-node0
-object
memory-backend-file,id=ram-node1,mem-path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ram,
share=yes,size=524288000 -numa node,nodeid=1,cpus=4-7,memdev=ram-node1
This is obviously wrong as for node 1 hugepages should have been
used. The hugepages configuration is more specific than <source
type='file'/>.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
We have couple of hugepage enabled domains for qemuxml2argvtest.
Unfortunately, often when adding a test case there I forget to
add it to xml2xml test too.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
Commit 824272cb28 attempted to fix escaping of characters in unix
socket path but it was wrong. We need to escape only ',', there is
no escape character for '='.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
There are currently some limitations in the emulated GICv3
that make it unsuitable as a default. Use GICv2 instead.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1450433
Signed-off-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Currently we consider all UNIX paths with specific prefix as generated
by libvirt, but that's a wrong assumption. Let's make the detection
better by actually checking whether the whole path matches one of the
paths that we generate or generated in the past.
The UNIX path isn't stored in config XML since libvirt-1.3.1.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1446980
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
Add kernel_irqchip=split/on to the QEMU command line
and a capability that looks for it in query-command-line-options
output. For the 'split' option, use a version check
since it cannot be reasonably probed.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1427005
Add a new <ioapic> element with a driver attribute.
Possible values are qemu and kvm. With 'qemu', the I/O
APIC can be put in the userspace even for KVM domains.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1427005
This is a USB3 controller and it's a better choice than piix3-uhci.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
This patch maps /domain/cpu/cache element into -cpu parameters:
- <cache mode='passthrough'/> is translated to host-cache-info=on
- <cache level='3' mode='emulate'/> is transformed into l3-cache=on
- <cache mode='disable'/> is turned in host-cache-info=off,l3-cache=off
Any other <cache> element is forbidden.
The tricky part is detecting whether QEMU supports the CPU properties.
The 'host-cache-info' property is introduced in v2.4.0-1389-ge265e3e480,
earlier QEMU releases enabled host-cache-info by default and had no way
to disable it. If the property is present, it defaults to 'off' for any
QEMU until at least 2.9.0.
The 'l3-cache' property was introduced later by v2.7.0-200-g14c985cffa.
Earlier versions worked as if l3-cache=off was passed. For any QEMU
until at least 2.9.0 l3-cache is 'off' by default.
QEMU 2.9.0 was the first release which supports probing both properties
by running device-list-properties with typename=host-x86_64-cpu. Older
QEMU releases did not support device-list-properties command for CPU
devices. Thus we can't really rely on probing them and we can just use
query-cpu-model-expansion QMP command as a witness.
Because the cache property probing is only reliable for QEMU >= 2.9.0
when both are already supported for quite a few releases, we let QEMU
report an error if a specific cache mode is explicitly requested. The
other mode (or both if a user requested CPU cache to be disabled) is
explicitly turned off for QEMU >= 2.9.0 to avoid any surprises in case
the QEMU defaults change. Any older QEMU already turns them off so not
doing so explicitly does not make any harm.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Denemark <jdenemar@redhat.com>
We are currently parsing only rx/frames/max because that's the only
value that makes sense for us. The tun device just added support for
this one and the others are only supported by hardware devices which
we don't need to worry about as the only way we'd pass those to the
domain is using <hostdev/> or <interface type='hostdev'/>. And in
those cases the guest can modify the settings itself.
Signed-off-by: Martin Kletzander <mkletzan@redhat.com>
Our test data used a lot of different qemu binary paths and some
of them were based on downstream systems.
Note that there is one file where I had to add "accel=kvm" because
the qemuargv2xml code parses "/usr/bin/kvm" as virt type="kvm".
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
The virt type for QEMU can be modified by -machine attribute "accel"
so there is no need to have different QEMU binary paths.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Hrdina <phrdina@redhat.com>
Like all devices, add the 'id' option for mdevs as well. Patch also
adjusts the test accordingly.
Resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1438431
Signed-off-by: Erik Skultety <eskultet@redhat.com>
Depending on the architecture, requirements for ACPI and UEFI can
be different; more specifically, while on x86 UEFI requires ACPI,
on aarch64 it's the other way around.
Enforce these requirements when validating the domain, and make
the error message more accurate by mentioning that they're not
necessarily applicable to all architectures.
Several aarch64 test cases had to be tweaked because they would
have failed the validation step otherwise.
The capabilities used in test cases should match those used
during normal operation for the tests to make any sense.
This results in the generated command line for a few test
cases (most notably non-x86 test cases that were wrongly
assuming they could use -no-acpi) changing.
This reverts commit c2e60ad0e5.
Turns out this check is excessively strict: there are ways
other than <memtune><hard_limit> to raise the memory locking
limit for QEMU processes, one prominent example being
tweaking /etc/security/limits.conf.
Partially-resolves: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1431793
QEMU allows for TSC frequency to be explicitly set to enable migration
with invtsc (migration fails if the destination QEMU cannot set the
exact same frequency used when starting the domain on the source host).
Libvirt already supports setting the TSC frequency in the XML using
<clock>
<timer name='tsc' frequency='1234567890'/>
</clock>
which will be transformed into
-cpu Model,tsc-frequency=1234567890
QEMU command line.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Denemark <jdenemar@redhat.com>
We want pcie-root-ports to be used when available in QEMU,
but at the same time we need to ensure that hosts running
older QEMU releases keep working and that the user can
override the default at any time.
Add a comment for the original pcie-root-port test cases
to make it clear how these new test cases are different.
For NVDIMM devices it is optionally possible to specify the size
of internal storage for namespaces. Namespaces are a feature that
allows users to partition the NVDIMM for different uses.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
Now that NVDIMM has found its way into libvirt, users might want
to fine tune some settings for each module separately. One such
setting is 'share=on|off' for the memory-backend-file object.
This setting - just like its name suggest already - enables
sharing the nvdimm module with other applications. Under the hood
it controls whether qemu mmaps() the file as MAP_PRIVATE or
MAP_SHARED.
Yet again, we have such config knob in domain XML, but it's just
an attribute to numa <cell/>. This does not give fine enough
tuning on per-memdevice basis so we need to have the attribute
for each device too.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
So, majority of the code is just ready as-is. Well, with one
slight change: differentiate between dimm and nvdimm in places
like device alias generation, generating the command line and so
on.
Speaking of the command line, we also need to append 'nvdimm=on'
to the '-machine' argument so that the nvdimm feature is
advertised in the ACPI tables properly.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
NVDIMM is new type of memory introduced into QEMU 2.6. The idea
is that we have a Non-Volatile memory module that keeps the data
persistent across domain reboots.
At the domain XML level, we already have some representation of
'dimm' modules. Long story short, NVDIMM will utilize the
existing <memory/> element that lives under <devices/> by adding
a new attribute 'nvdimm' to the existing @model and introduce a
new <path/> element for <source/> while reusing other fields. The
resulting XML would appear as:
<memory model='nvdimm'>
<source>
<path>/tmp/nvdimm</path>
</source>
<target>
<size unit='KiB'>523264</size>
<node>0</node>
</target>
<address type='dimm' slot='0'/>
</memory>
So far, this is just a XML parser/formatter extension. QEMU
driver implementation is in the next commit.
For more info on NVDIMM visit the following web page:
http://pmem.io/
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
While reviewing a patch from Andrea that modified this test case, I
realized that although it was "properly failing" (it's a negative
test), that it was failing for the wrong reason (the MULTIFUNCTION cap
wasn't set in the test case, so it was saying that multifunction=on
wasn't supported by the QEMU binary; instead it should have been
complaining that it had run out of PCI slots of the appropriate type
and couldn't automatically add any more).
This improper failure had started when I added the patch to
automatically aggregate pcie-root-ports onto multiple functions of
each pcie-root slot, but I hadn't noticed it because the test still
failed.
This patch corrects the test case to 1) set the MULTIFUNCTION flag in
the caps, and 2) attempt to add 241 pcie-root-ports to a domain. Since
there are 30 slots available on a pcie-root (slot 0 is reserved, and
slot 31 is used by the integrated SATA controller), and a
pcie-root-port can only be placed on a function of a slot on
pcie-root, the maximum number of pcie-root-ports in any domain is 240.
virQEMUCapsHasPCIMultiBus() performs a version check on
the QEMU binary to figure out whether multiple buses are
supported, so to get the correct aliases assigned when
dealing with pSeries guests we need to spoof the version
accordingly in the test suite.
Up until a while ago, libvirt would automatically add a legacy
PCI controllers combo (dmi-to-pci-bridge + pci-bridge) to any
PCIe machine type (x86_64/q35 and aarch64/virt).
As a result, a number of input and output files in the test
suite ended up containing the legacy PCI controllers, even
though they are not needed or in any way relevant to the
feature being tested.
Get rid of most of the occurrences. Most of the time, this
just means removing the controllers from the input file and
regenerating the output files; in a few instances, some
minor tweaking is performed on the input file, most notably
removing the memory balloon: as memory balloon support was
not the scope of the test being changed, there is no loss
of test coverage from doing so.
Several occurrences of the legacy PCI controllers remain in
the test suite, both because removing their usage would have
required even more tweaking, and because we still want to
have coverage of this perfectly valid combination.
Add a new attribute 'rendernode' to <gl> spice element.
Give it to QEMU if qemu supports it (queued for 2.9).
Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
Due to a logic error, the autofilling of USB port when a bus is
specified:
<address type='usb' bus='0'/>
does not work for non-hub devices on domain startup.
Fix the logic in qemuDomainAssignUSBPortsIterator to also
assign ports for USB addresses that do not yet have one.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1374128
This patch add support for file memory backing on numa topology.
The specified access mode in memoryBacking can be overriden
by specifying token memAccess in numa cell.
This part introduces new xml elements for file based
memorybacking support and their parsing.
(It allows vhost-user to be used without hugepages.)
New xml elements:
<memoryBacking>
<source type="file|anonymous"/>
<access mode="shared|private"/>
<allocation mode="immediate|ondemand"/>
</memoryBacking>
