Xen hypervisor driver

The libvirt Xen driver provides the ability to manage virtual machines on any Xen release from 3.0.1 onwards.

Deployment pre-requisites

The libvirt Xen driver uses a combination of channels to manage Xen virtual machines.

Connections to Xen driver

The libvirt Xen driver is a single-instance privileged driver, with a driver name of 'xen'. Some example conection URIs for the libvirt driver are:

    xen:///                        (local access, direct)
    xen+unix:///                   (local access, via daemon)
    xen://example.com/             (remote access, TLS/x509)
    xen+tcp://example.com/         (remote access, SASl/Kerberos)
    xen+ssh://root@example.com/    (remote access, SSH tunnelled)
    

Import and export of libvirt domain XML configs

The Xen driver currently supports two native config formats. The first known as xen-xm is the format used by the XM tool for files in /etc/xen. The second known as xen-sxpr, is the format used for interacting with the XenD's legacy HTTP RPC service.

Converting from XM config files to domain XML

The virsh domxml-from-native provides a way to convert an existing set of XM config files into a guest description using libvirt Domain XML that can then be used by libvirt.

$ virsh -c xen:/// domxml-from-native xen-xm rhel5.cfg
<domain type='xen'>
  <name>rhel5pv</name>
  <uuid>8f07fe28-753f-2729-d76d-bdbd892f949a</uuid>
  <memory>2560000</memory>
  <currentMemory>307200</currentMemory>
  <vcpu>4</vcpu>
  <bootloader>/usr/bin/pygrub</bootloader>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='xenpv'>linux</type>
  </os>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='tap' type='aio'/>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/rhel5pv.img'/>
      <target dev='xvda' bus='xen'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='tap' type='qcow'/>
      <source file='/root/qcow1-xen.img'/>
      <target dev='xvdd' bus='xen'/>
    </disk>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='00:16:3e:60:36:ba'/>
      <source bridge='xenbr0'/>
    </interface>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='xen'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'/>
  </devices>
</domain>
    

Converting from domain XML to XM config files

The virsh domxml-to-native provides a way to convert a guest description using libvirt Domain XML, into the XM config file format.

# virsh  -c xen:/// domxml-to-native xen-xm rhel5pv.xml
name = "rhel5pv"
uuid = "8f07fe28-753f-2729-d76d-bdbd892f949a"
maxmem = 2500
memory = 300
vcpus = 4
bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"
kernel = "/var/lib/xen/boot_kernel.0YK-cS"
ramdisk = "/var/lib/xen/boot_ramdisk.vWgrxK"
extra = "ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet"
on_poweroff = "destroy"
on_reboot = "restart"
on_crash = "restart"
sdl = 0
vnc = 1
vncunused = 1
vnclisten = "0.0.0.0"
disk = [ "tap:aio:/var/lib/xen/images/rhel5pv.img,xvda,w", "tap:qcow:/root/qcow1-xen.img,xvdd,w" ]
vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:60:36:ba,bridge=virbr0,script=vif-bridge,vifname=vif5.0" ]
    

Example domain XML config

Below are some example XML configurations for Xen guest domains. For full details of the available options, consult the domain XML format guide.

Paravirtualized guest bootloader

Using a bootloader allows a paravirtualized guest to be booted using a kernel stored inside its virtual disk image

<domain type='xen' >
  <name>fc8</name>
  <bootloader>/usr/bin/pygrub</bootloader>
  <os>
    <type>linux</type>
  </os>
  <memory>131072</memory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <devices>
    <disk type='file'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fc4.img'/>
      <target dev='sda1'/>
    </disk>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <source bridge='xenbr0'/>
      <mac address='aa:00:00:00:00:11'/>
      <script path='/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge'/>
    </interface>
    <console tty='/dev/pts/5'/>
  </devices>
</domain>

Paravirtualized guest direct kernel boot

For installation of paravirtualized guests it is typical to boot the domain using a kernel and initrd stored in the host OS

<domain type='xen' >
  <name>fc8</name>
  <os>
    <type>linux</type>
    <kernel>/var/lib/xen/install/vmlinuz-fedora8-x86_64</kernel>
    <initrd>/var/lib/xen/install/initrd-vmlinuz-fedora8-x86_64</initrd>
    <cmdline> kickstart=http://example.com/myguest.ks </cmdline>
  </os>
  <memory>131072</memory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <devices>
    <disk type='file'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fc4.img'/>
      <target dev='sda1'/>
    </disk>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <source bridge='xenbr0'/>
      <mac address='aa:00:00:00:00:11'/>
      <script path='/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge'/>
    </interface>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1'/>
    <console tty='/dev/pts/5'/>
  </devices>
</domain>

Fullyvirtualized guest BIOS boot

Fullyvirtualized guests use the emulated BIOS to boot off the primary harddisk, CDROM or Network PXE ROM.

<domain type='xen' id='3'>
  <name>fv0</name>
  <uuid>4dea22b31d52d8f32516782e98ab3fa0</uuid>
  <os>
    <type>hvm</type>
    <loader>/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader</loader>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <memory>524288</memory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <features>
     <pae/>
     <acpi/>
     <apic/>
  </features>
  <clock sync="localtime"/>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm</emulator>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <source bridge='xenbr0'/>
      <mac address='00:16:3e:5d:c7:9e'/>
      <script path='vif-bridge'/>
    </interface>
    <disk type='file'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fv0'/>
      <target dev='hda'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fc5-x86_64-boot.iso'/>
      <target dev='hdc'/>
      <readonly/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='floppy'>
      <source file='/root/fd.img'/>
      <target dev='fda'/>
    </disk>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5904'/>
  </devices>
</domain>

Fullyvirtualized guest direct kernel boot

With Xen 3.2.0 or later it is possible to bypass the BIOS and directly boot a Linux kernel and initrd as a fullyvirtualized domain. This allows for complete automation of OS installation, for example using the Anaconda kickstart support.

<domain type='xen' id='3'>
  <name>fv0</name>
  <uuid>4dea22b31d52d8f32516782e98ab3fa0</uuid>
  <os>
    <type>hvm</type>
    <loader>/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader</loader>
    <kernel>/var/lib/xen/install/vmlinuz-fedora8-x86_64</kernel>
    <initrd>/var/lib/xen/install/initrd-vmlinuz-fedora8-x86_64</initrd>
    <cmdline> kickstart=http://example.com/myguest.ks </cmdline>
  </os>
  <memory>524288</memory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <features>
     <pae/>
     <acpi/>
     <apic/>
  </features>
  <clock sync="localtime"/>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm</emulator>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <source bridge='xenbr0'/>
      <mac address='00:16:3e:5d:c7:9e'/>
      <script path='vif-bridge'/>
    </interface>
    <disk type='file'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fv0'/>
      <target dev='hda'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <source file='/var/lib/xen/images/fc5-x86_64-boot.iso'/>
      <target dev='hdc'/>
      <readonly/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='floppy'>
      <source file='/root/fd.img'/>
      <target dev='fda'/>
    </disk>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5904'/>
  </devices>
</domain>