/* virhostdev.c: hostdev management
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2007, 2009-2015 Red Hat, Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Daniel P. Berrange
 * Copyright (C) 2014 SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Nuernberg, Germany.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library.  If not, see
 * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * Author: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
 * Author: Chunyan Liu <cyliu@suse.com>
 */

#include <config.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "virhostdev.h"
#include "viralloc.h"
#include "virstring.h"
#include "virfile.h"
#include "virerror.h"
#include "virlog.h"
#include "virutil.h"
#include "virnetdev.h"
#include "configmake.h"

#define VIR_FROM_THIS VIR_FROM_NONE

VIR_LOG_INIT("util.hostdev");

#define HOSTDEV_STATE_DIR LOCALSTATEDIR "/run/libvirt/hostdevmgr"

static virHostdevManagerPtr manager; /* global hostdev manager, never freed */

static virClassPtr virHostdevManagerClass;
static void virHostdevManagerDispose(void *obj);
static virHostdevManagerPtr virHostdevManagerNew(void);

struct virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsedData {
    virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr;
    const char *domainName;
    const bool usesVfio;
};

static int virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsed(virPCIDeviceAddressPtr devAddr, void *opaque)
{
    virPCIDevicePtr other;
    int ret = -1;
    virPCIDevicePtr pci = NULL;
    struct virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsedData *helperData = opaque;

    if (!(pci = virPCIDeviceNew(devAddr->domain, devAddr->bus,
                                devAddr->slot, devAddr->function)))
        goto cleanup;

    other = virPCIDeviceListFind(helperData->hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                                 pci);
    if (other) {
        const char *other_drvname = NULL;
        const char *other_domname = NULL;
        virPCIDeviceGetUsedBy(other, &other_drvname, &other_domname);

        if (helperData->usesVfio &&
            (other_domname && helperData->domainName) &&
            (STREQ(other_domname, helperData->domainName)))
            goto iommu_owner;

        if (other_drvname && other_domname)
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                           _("PCI device %s is in use by "
                             "driver %s, domain %s"),
                           virPCIDeviceGetName(pci),
                           other_drvname, other_domname);
        else
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                           _("PCI device %s is in use"),
                           virPCIDeviceGetName(pci));
        goto cleanup;
    }
 iommu_owner:
    ret = 0;
 cleanup:
    virPCIDeviceFree(pci);
    return ret;
}

static int virHostdevManagerOnceInit(void)
{
    if (!(virHostdevManagerClass = virClassNew(virClassForObject(),
                                               "virHostdevManager",
                                               sizeof(virHostdevManager),
                                               virHostdevManagerDispose)))
        return -1;

    if (!(manager = virHostdevManagerNew()))
        return -1;

    return 0;
}

VIR_ONCE_GLOBAL_INIT(virHostdevManager)

static void
virHostdevManagerDispose(void *obj)
{
    virHostdevManagerPtr hostdevMgr = obj;

    if (!hostdevMgr)
        return;

    virObjectUnref(hostdevMgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnref(hostdevMgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnref(hostdevMgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    virObjectUnref(hostdevMgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
    VIR_FREE(hostdevMgr->stateDir);
}

static virHostdevManagerPtr
virHostdevManagerNew(void)
{
    virHostdevManagerPtr hostdevMgr;
    bool privileged = geteuid() == 0;

    if (!(hostdevMgr = virObjectNew(virHostdevManagerClass)))
        return NULL;

    if ((hostdevMgr->activePCIHostdevs = virPCIDeviceListNew()) == NULL)
        goto error;

    if ((hostdevMgr->activeUSBHostdevs = virUSBDeviceListNew()) == NULL)
        goto error;

    if ((hostdevMgr->inactivePCIHostdevs = virPCIDeviceListNew()) == NULL)
        goto error;

    if ((hostdevMgr->activeSCSIHostdevs = virSCSIDeviceListNew()) == NULL)
        goto error;

    if (privileged) {
        if (VIR_STRDUP(hostdevMgr->stateDir, HOSTDEV_STATE_DIR) < 0)
            goto error;

        if (virFileMakePath(hostdevMgr->stateDir) < 0) {
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED,
                           _("Failed to create state dir '%s'"),
                           hostdevMgr->stateDir);
            goto error;
        }
    } else {
        char *rundir = NULL;
        mode_t old_umask;

        if (!(rundir = virGetUserRuntimeDirectory()))
            goto error;

        if (virAsprintf(&hostdevMgr->stateDir, "%s/hostdevmgr", rundir) < 0) {
            VIR_FREE(rundir);
            goto error;
        }
        VIR_FREE(rundir);

        old_umask = umask(077);

        if (virFileMakePath(hostdevMgr->stateDir) < 0) {
            umask(old_umask);
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED,
                           _("Failed to create state dir '%s'"),
                           hostdevMgr->stateDir);
            goto error;
        }
        umask(old_umask);
    }

    return hostdevMgr;

 error:
    virObjectUnref(hostdevMgr);
    return NULL;
}

virHostdevManagerPtr
virHostdevManagerGetDefault(void)
{
    if (virHostdevManagerInitialize() < 0)
        return NULL;

    return virObjectRef(manager);
}

static virPCIDeviceListPtr
virHostdevGetPCIHostDeviceList(virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs, int nhostdevs)
{
    virPCIDeviceListPtr list;
    size_t i;

    if (!(list = virPCIDeviceListNew()))
        return NULL;

    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDomainHostdevSubsysPCIPtr pcisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci;
        virPCIDevicePtr dev;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_PCI)
            continue;

        dev = virPCIDeviceNew(pcisrc->addr.domain, pcisrc->addr.bus,
                              pcisrc->addr.slot, pcisrc->addr.function);
        if (!dev) {
            virObjectUnref(list);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (virPCIDeviceListAdd(list, dev) < 0) {
            virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
            virObjectUnref(list);
            return NULL;
        }

        virPCIDeviceSetManaged(dev, hostdev->managed);
        if (pcisrc->backend == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_PCI_BACKEND_VFIO) {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "vfio-pci") < 0) {
                virObjectUnref(list);
                return NULL;
            }
        } else if (pcisrc->backend == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_PCI_BACKEND_XEN) {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "pciback") < 0) {
                virObjectUnref(list);
                return NULL;
            }
        } else {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "pci-stub") < 0) {
                virObjectUnref(list);
                return NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    return list;
}


/*
 * virHostdevGetActivePCIHostDeviceList - make a new list with a *copy* of
 *   every virPCIDevice object that is found on the activePCIHostdevs
 *   list *and* is in the hostdev list for this domain.
 *
 * Return the new list, or NULL if there was a failure.
 *
 * Pre-condition: activePCIHostdevs is locked
 */
static virPCIDeviceListPtr
virHostdevGetActivePCIHostDeviceList(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                     virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                                     int nhostdevs)
{
    virPCIDeviceListPtr list;
    size_t i;

    if (!(list = virPCIDeviceListNew()))
        return NULL;

    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDevicePCIAddressPtr addr;
        virPCIDevicePtr activeDev;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_PCI)
            continue;

        addr = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci.addr;
        activeDev = virPCIDeviceListFindByIDs(mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                                              addr->domain, addr->bus,
                                              addr->slot, addr->function);
        if (activeDev && virPCIDeviceListAddCopy(list, activeDev) < 0) {
            virObjectUnref(list);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    return list;
}

static int
virHostdevPCISysfsPath(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                       char **sysfs_path)
{
    virPCIDeviceAddress config_address;

    config_address.domain = hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci.addr.domain;
    config_address.bus = hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci.addr.bus;
    config_address.slot = hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci.addr.slot;
    config_address.function = hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci.addr.function;

    return virPCIDeviceAddressGetSysfsFile(&config_address, sysfs_path);
}


static int
virHostdevIsVirtualFunction(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev)
{
    char *sysfs_path = NULL;
    int ret = -1;

    if (virHostdevPCISysfsPath(hostdev, &sysfs_path) < 0)
        return ret;

    ret = virPCIIsVirtualFunction(sysfs_path);

    VIR_FREE(sysfs_path);

    return ret;
}


static int
virHostdevNetDevice(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev, char **linkdev,
                    int *vf)
{
    int ret = -1;
    char *sysfs_path = NULL;

    if (virHostdevPCISysfsPath(hostdev, &sysfs_path) < 0)
        return ret;

    if (virPCIIsVirtualFunction(sysfs_path) == 1) {
        if (virPCIGetVirtualFunctionInfo(sysfs_path, linkdev,
                                         vf) < 0)
            goto cleanup;
    } else {
        if (virPCIGetNetName(sysfs_path, linkdev) < 0)
            goto cleanup;
        *vf = -1;
    }

    ret = 0;

 cleanup:
    VIR_FREE(sysfs_path);

    return ret;
}


static int
virHostdevIsPCINetDevice(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev)
{
    return hostdev->mode == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS &&
        hostdev->source.subsys.type == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_PCI &&
        hostdev->parent.type == VIR_DOMAIN_DEVICE_NET &&
        hostdev->parent.data.net;
}


static int
virHostdevNetConfigVirtPortProfile(const char *linkdev, int vf,
                                   virNetDevVPortProfilePtr virtPort,
                                   const virMacAddr *macaddr,
                                   const unsigned char *uuid,
                                   bool associate)
{
    int ret = -1;

    if (!virtPort)
        return ret;

    switch (virtPort->virtPortType) {
    case VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_NONE:
    case VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_OPENVSWITCH:
    case VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_8021QBG:
    case VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_LAST:
        virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED,
                       _("virtualport type %s is "
                         "currently not supported on interfaces of type "
                         "hostdev"),
                       virNetDevVPortTypeToString(virtPort->virtPortType));
        break;

    case VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_8021QBH:
        if (associate)
            ret = virNetDevVPortProfileAssociate(NULL, virtPort, macaddr,
                                                 linkdev, vf, uuid,
                                                 VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_OP_CREATE, false);
        else
            ret = virNetDevVPortProfileDisassociate(NULL, virtPort,
                                                    macaddr, linkdev, vf,
                                                    VIR_NETDEV_VPORT_PROFILE_OP_DESTROY);
        break;
    }

    return ret;
}


static int
virHostdevNetConfigReplace(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                           const unsigned char *uuid,
                           const char *stateDir)
{
    char *linkdev = NULL;
    virNetDevVlanPtr vlan;
    virNetDevVPortProfilePtr virtPort;
    int ret = -1;
    int vf = -1;
    int vlanid = -1;
    bool port_profile_associate = true;
    int isvf;

    isvf = virHostdevIsVirtualFunction(hostdev);
    if (isvf <= 0) {
        virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED, "%s",
                       _("Interface type hostdev is currently supported on"
                         " SR-IOV Virtual Functions only"));
        return ret;
    }

    if (virHostdevNetDevice(hostdev, &linkdev, &vf) < 0)
        return ret;

    vlan = virDomainNetGetActualVlan(hostdev->parent.data.net);
    virtPort = virDomainNetGetActualVirtPortProfile(
                                 hostdev->parent.data.net);
    if (virtPort) {
        if (vlan) {
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED,
                           _("direct setting of the vlan tag is not allowed "
                             "for hostdev devices using %s mode"),
                           virNetDevVPortTypeToString(virtPort->virtPortType));
            goto cleanup;
        }
        ret = virHostdevNetConfigVirtPortProfile(linkdev, vf,
                            virtPort, &hostdev->parent.data.net->mac, uuid,
                            port_profile_associate);
    } else {
        /* Set only mac and vlan */
        if (vlan) {
            if (vlan->nTags != 1 || vlan->trunk) {
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED, "%s",
                               _("vlan trunking is not supported "
                                 "by SR-IOV network devices"));
                goto cleanup;
            }
            if (vf == -1) {
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED,
                               _("vlan can only be set for SR-IOV VFs, but "
                                 "%s is not a VF"), linkdev);
                goto cleanup;
            }
            vlanid = vlan->tag[0];
        } else  if (vf >= 0) {
            vlanid = 0; /* assure any current vlan tag is reset */
        }

        ret = virNetDevReplaceNetConfig(linkdev, vf,
                                        &hostdev->parent.data.net->mac,
                                        vlanid, stateDir);
    }
 cleanup:
    VIR_FREE(linkdev);
    return ret;
}

/* @oldStateDir:
 * For upgrade purpose:
 * To an existing VM on QEMU, the hostdev netconfig file is originally stored
 * in cfg->stateDir (/var/run/libvirt/qemu). Switch to new version, it uses new
 * location (hostdev_mgr->stateDir) but certainly will not find it. In this
 * case, try to find in the old state dir.
 */
static int
virHostdevNetConfigRestore(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                           const char *stateDir,
                           const char *oldStateDir)
{
    char *linkdev = NULL;
    virNetDevVPortProfilePtr virtPort;
    int ret = -1;
    int vf = -1;
    bool port_profile_associate = false;
    int isvf;

    /* This is only needed for PCI devices that have been defined
     * using <interface type='hostdev'>. For all others, it is a NOP.
     */
    if (!virHostdevIsPCINetDevice(hostdev))
       return 0;

    isvf = virHostdevIsVirtualFunction(hostdev);
    if (isvf <= 0) {
        virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED, "%s",
                       _("Interface type hostdev is currently supported on"
                         " SR-IOV Virtual Functions only"));
        return ret;
    }

    if (virHostdevNetDevice(hostdev, &linkdev, &vf) < 0)
        return ret;

    virtPort = virDomainNetGetActualVirtPortProfile(
                                 hostdev->parent.data.net);
    if (virtPort) {
        ret = virHostdevNetConfigVirtPortProfile(linkdev, vf, virtPort,
                                                 &hostdev->parent.data.net->mac,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 port_profile_associate);
    } else {
        ret = virNetDevRestoreNetConfig(linkdev, vf, stateDir);
        if (ret < 0 && oldStateDir != NULL)
            ret = virNetDevRestoreNetConfig(linkdev, vf, oldStateDir);
    }

    VIR_FREE(linkdev);

    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevPreparePCIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                            const char *drv_name,
                            const char *dom_name,
                            const unsigned char *uuid,
                            virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                            int nhostdevs,
                            unsigned int flags)
{
    virPCIDeviceListPtr pcidevs = NULL;
    int last_processed_hostdev_vf = -1;
    size_t i;
    int ret = -1;
    virPCIDeviceAddressPtr devAddr = NULL;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);

    if (!(pcidevs = virHostdevGetPCIHostDeviceList(hostdevs, nhostdevs)))
        goto cleanup;

    /* We have to use 9 loops here. *All* devices must
     * be detached before we reset any of them, because
     * in some cases you have to reset the whole PCI,
     * which impacts all devices on it. Also, all devices
     * must be reset before being marked as active.
     */

    /* Loop 1: validate that non-managed device isn't in use, eg
     * by checking that device is either un-bound, or bound
     * to pci-stub.ko
     */

    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        bool strict_acs_check = !!(flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_STRICT_ACS_CHECK);
        bool usesVfio = STREQ(virPCIDeviceGetStubDriver(dev), "vfio-pci");
        struct virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsedData data = {hostdev_mgr, dom_name,
                                                         usesVfio};

        if (!usesVfio && !virPCIDeviceIsAssignable(dev, strict_acs_check)) {
            virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                           _("PCI device %s is not assignable"),
                           virPCIDeviceGetName(dev));
            goto cleanup;
        }

        VIR_FREE(devAddr);
        if (!(devAddr = virPCIDeviceGetAddress(dev)))
            goto cleanup;

        /* The device is in use by other active domain if
         * the dev is in list activePCIHostdevs. VFIO devices
         * belonging to same iommu group can't be shared
         * across guests.
         */
        if (usesVfio) {
            if (virPCIDeviceAddressIOMMUGroupIterate(devAddr,
                                                     virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsed,
                                                     &data) < 0)
                goto cleanup;
        } else if (virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsed(devAddr, &data)) {
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    /* Loop 2: detach managed devices (i.e. bind to appropriate stub driver) */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        if (virPCIDeviceGetManaged(dev) &&
            virPCIDeviceDetach(dev, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, NULL) < 0)
            goto reattachdevs;
    }

    /* Loop 3: Now that all the PCI hostdevs have been detached, we
     * can safely reset them */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);

        if (virPCIDeviceReset(dev, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                              hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0)
            goto reattachdevs;
    }

    /* Loop 4: For SRIOV network devices, Now that we have detached the
     * the network device, set the netdev config */
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
         virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
         if (!virHostdevIsPCINetDevice(hostdev))
             continue;
         if (virHostdevNetConfigReplace(hostdev, uuid,
                                        hostdev_mgr->stateDir) < 0) {
             goto resetvfnetconfig;
         }
         last_processed_hostdev_vf = i;
    }

    /* Loop 5: Now mark all the devices as active */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        if (virPCIDeviceListAdd(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev) < 0)
            goto inactivedevs;
    }

    /* Loop 6: Now remove the devices from inactive list. */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
         virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
         virPCIDeviceListDel(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs, dev);
    }

    /* Loop 7: Now set the used_by_domain of the device in
     * activePCIHostdevs as domain name.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev, activeDev;

        dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        activeDev = virPCIDeviceListFind(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev);

        if (activeDev)
            virPCIDeviceSetUsedBy(activeDev, drv_name, dom_name);
    }

    /* Loop 8: Now set the original states for hostdev def */
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev;
        virPCIDevicePtr pcidev;
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDomainHostdevSubsysPCIPtr pcisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_PCI)
            continue;

        dev = virPCIDeviceNew(pcisrc->addr.domain, pcisrc->addr.bus,
                              pcisrc->addr.slot, pcisrc->addr.function);

        /* original states "unbind_from_stub", "remove_slot",
         * "reprobe" were already set by pciDettachDevice in
         * loop 2.
         */
        if ((pcidev = virPCIDeviceListFind(pcidevs, dev))) {
            hostdev->origstates.states.pci.unbind_from_stub =
                virPCIDeviceGetUnbindFromStub(pcidev);
            hostdev->origstates.states.pci.remove_slot =
                virPCIDeviceGetRemoveSlot(pcidev);
            hostdev->origstates.states.pci.reprobe =
                virPCIDeviceGetReprobe(pcidev);
        }

        virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
    }

    /* Loop 9: Now steal all the devices from pcidevs */
    while (virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs) > 0)
        virPCIDeviceListStealIndex(pcidevs, 0);

    ret = 0;
    goto cleanup;

 inactivedevs:
    /* Only steal all the devices from activePCIHostdevs. We will
     * free them in virObjectUnref().
     */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        virPCIDeviceListSteal(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev);
    }

 resetvfnetconfig:
    for (i = 0;
         last_processed_hostdev_vf != -1 && i <= last_processed_hostdev_vf; i++)
        virHostdevNetConfigRestore(hostdevs[i], hostdev_mgr->stateDir, NULL);

 reattachdevs:
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);

        /* NB: This doesn't actually re-bind to original driver, just
         * unbinds from the stub driver
         */
        ignore_value(virPCIDeviceReattach(dev, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                                          NULL));
    }

 cleanup:
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnref(pcidevs);
    VIR_FREE(devAddr);
    return ret;
}

/*
 * Pre-condition: inactivePCIHostdevs & activePCIHostdevs
 * are locked
 */
static void
virHostdevReattachPCIDevice(virPCIDevicePtr dev, virHostdevManagerPtr mgr)
{
    /* If the device is not managed and was attached to guest
     * successfully, it must have been inactive.
     */
    if (!virPCIDeviceGetManaged(dev)) {
        if (virPCIDeviceListAdd(mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs, dev) < 0)
            virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
        return;
    }

    /* Wait for device cleanup if it is qemu/kvm */
    if (STREQ(virPCIDeviceGetStubDriver(dev), "pci-stub")) {
        int retries = 100;
        while (virPCIDeviceWaitForCleanup(dev, "kvm_assigned_device")
               && retries) {
            usleep(100*1000);
            retries--;
        }
    }

    if (virPCIDeviceReattach(dev, mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                             mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0) {
        virErrorPtr err = virGetLastError();
        VIR_ERROR(_("Failed to re-attach PCI device: %s"),
                  err ? err->message : _("unknown error"));
        virResetError(err);
    }
    virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
}

/* @oldStateDir:
 * For upgrade purpose: see virHostdevNetConfigRestore
 */
void
virHostdevReAttachPCIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                             const char *drv_name,
                             const char *dom_name,
                             virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                             int nhostdevs,
                             const char *oldStateDir)
{
    virPCIDeviceListPtr pcidevs;
    size_t i;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);

    if (!(pcidevs = virHostdevGetActivePCIHostDeviceList(hostdev_mgr,
                                                         hostdevs,
                                                         nhostdevs))) {
        virErrorPtr err = virGetLastError();
        VIR_ERROR(_("Failed to allocate PCI device list: %s"),
                  err ? err->message : _("unknown error"));
        virResetError(err);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    /* Loop through the assigned devices 4 times: 1) delete them all from
     * activePCIHostdevs, 2) restore network config of SRIOV netdevs, 3) Do a
     * PCI reset on each device, 4) reattach the devices to their host drivers
     * (managed) or add them to inactivePCIHostdevs (!managed).
     */

    /*
     * Loop 1: verify that each device in the hostdevs list really was in use
     * by this domain, and remove them all from the activePCIHostdevs list.
     */
    i = 0;
    while (i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs)) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);
        virPCIDevicePtr activeDev = NULL;

        activeDev = virPCIDeviceListFind(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev);
        if (activeDev) {
            const char *usedby_drvname;
            const char *usedby_domname;
            virPCIDeviceGetUsedBy(activeDev, &usedby_drvname, &usedby_domname);
            if (STRNEQ_NULLABLE(drv_name, usedby_drvname) ||
                STRNEQ_NULLABLE(dom_name, usedby_domname)) {
                    virPCIDeviceListDel(pcidevs, dev);
                    continue;
                }
        }

        virPCIDeviceListDel(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev);
        i++;
    }

    /* At this point, any device that had been used by the guest is in
     * pcidevs, but has been removed from activePCIHostdevs.
     */

    /*
     * Loop 2: restore original network config of hostdevs that used
     * <interface type='hostdev'>
     */
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];

        if (virHostdevIsPCINetDevice(hostdev)) {
            virDomainHostdevSubsysPCIPtr pcisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci;
            virPCIDevicePtr dev = NULL;
            dev = virPCIDeviceNew(pcisrc->addr.domain, pcisrc->addr.bus,
                                  pcisrc->addr.slot, pcisrc->addr.function);
            if (dev) {
                if (virPCIDeviceListFind(pcidevs, dev)) {
                    virHostdevNetConfigRestore(hostdev, hostdev_mgr->stateDir,
                                               oldStateDir);
                }
            }
            virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
        }
    }

    /* Loop 3: perform a PCI Reset on all devices */
    for (i = 0; i < virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs); i++) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListGet(pcidevs, i);

        if (virPCIDeviceReset(dev, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                              hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0) {
            virErrorPtr err = virGetLastError();
            VIR_ERROR(_("Failed to reset PCI device: %s"),
                      err ? err->message : _("unknown error"));
            virResetError(err);
        }
    }

    /* Loop 4: reattach devices to their host drivers (if managed) or place
     * them on the inactive list (if not managed)
     */
    while (virPCIDeviceListCount(pcidevs) > 0) {
        virPCIDevicePtr dev = virPCIDeviceListStealIndex(pcidevs, 0);
        virHostdevReattachPCIDevice(dev, hostdev_mgr);
    }

    virObjectUnref(pcidevs);
 cleanup:
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
}

int
virHostdevUpdateActivePCIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                 virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                                 int nhostdevs,
                                 const char *drv_name,
                                 const char *dom_name)
{
    virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = NULL;
    virPCIDevicePtr dev = NULL;
    size_t i;
    int ret = -1;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    virObjectLock(mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);

    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevSubsysPCIPtr pcisrc;
        hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        pcisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.pci;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_PCI)
            continue;

        dev = virPCIDeviceNew(pcisrc->addr.domain, pcisrc->addr.bus,
                              pcisrc->addr.slot, pcisrc->addr.function);

        if (!dev)
            goto cleanup;

        virPCIDeviceSetManaged(dev, hostdev->managed);
        if (pcisrc->backend == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_PCI_BACKEND_VFIO) {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "vfio-pci") < 0)
                goto cleanup;
        } else if (pcisrc->backend == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_PCI_BACKEND_XEN) {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "pciback") < 0)
                goto cleanup;
        } else {
            if (virPCIDeviceSetStubDriver(dev, "pci-stub") < 0)
                goto cleanup;

        }
        virPCIDeviceSetUsedBy(dev, drv_name, dom_name);

        /* Setup the original states for the PCI device */
        virPCIDeviceSetUnbindFromStub(dev, hostdev->origstates.states.pci.unbind_from_stub);
        virPCIDeviceSetRemoveSlot(dev, hostdev->origstates.states.pci.remove_slot);
        virPCIDeviceSetReprobe(dev, hostdev->origstates.states.pci.reprobe);

        if (virPCIDeviceListAdd(mgr->activePCIHostdevs, dev) < 0)
            goto cleanup;
        dev = NULL;
    }

    ret = 0;
 cleanup:
    virPCIDeviceFree(dev);
    virObjectUnlock(mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevUpdateActiveUSBDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                 virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                                 int nhostdevs,
                                 const char *drv_name,
                                 const char *dom_name)
{
    virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = NULL;
    size_t i;
    int ret = -1;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    virObjectLock(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevSubsysUSBPtr usbsrc;
        virUSBDevicePtr usb = NULL;
        hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        usbsrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.usb;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_USB)
            continue;

        if (!(usb = virUSBDeviceNew(usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device, NULL))) {
            VIR_WARN("Unable to reattach USB device %03d.%03d on domain %s",
                     usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device, dom_name);
            continue;
        }

        virUSBDeviceSetUsedBy(usb, drv_name, dom_name);

        if (virUSBDeviceListAdd(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, usb) < 0) {
            virUSBDeviceFree(usb);
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    ret = 0;
 cleanup:
    virObjectUnlock(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    return ret;
}

static int
virHostdevUpdateActiveSCSIHostDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                      virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                                      virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc,
                                      const char *drv_name,
                                      const char *dom_name)
{
    virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIHostPtr scsihostsrc = &scsisrc->u.host;
    virSCSIDevicePtr scsi = NULL;
    virSCSIDevicePtr tmp = NULL;
    int ret = -1;

    if (!(scsi = virSCSIDeviceNew(NULL,
                                  scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus,
                                  scsihostsrc->target, scsihostsrc->unit,
                                  hostdev->readonly, hostdev->shareable)))
        goto cleanup;

    if ((tmp = virSCSIDeviceListFind(mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, scsi))) {
        if (virSCSIDeviceSetUsedBy(tmp, drv_name, dom_name) < 0) {
            virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
            goto cleanup;
        }
        virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
    } else {
        if (virSCSIDeviceSetUsedBy(scsi, drv_name, dom_name) < 0 ||
            virSCSIDeviceListAdd(mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, scsi) < 0) {
            virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    ret = 0;

 cleanup:
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevUpdateActiveSCSIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                  virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                                  int nhostdevs,
                                  const char *drv_name,
                                  const char *dom_name)
{
    virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = NULL;
    size_t i;
    int ret = -1;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    virObjectLock(mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc;
        hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        scsisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.scsi;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS ||
            hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_SCSI)
            continue;

        if (scsisrc->protocol == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SCSI_PROTOCOL_TYPE_ISCSI) {
            continue;  /* Not supported for iSCSI */
        } else {
            if (virHostdevUpdateActiveSCSIHostDevices(mgr, hostdev, scsisrc,
                                                      drv_name, dom_name) < 0)
                goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    ret = 0;

 cleanup:
    virObjectUnlock(mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
    return ret;
}

static int
virHostdevMarkUSBDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                         const char *drv_name,
                         const char *dom_name,
                         virUSBDeviceListPtr list)
{
    size_t i, j;
    unsigned int count;
    virUSBDevicePtr tmp;

    virObjectLock(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    count = virUSBDeviceListCount(list);

    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        virUSBDevicePtr usb = virUSBDeviceListGet(list, i);
        if ((tmp = virUSBDeviceListFind(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, usb))) {
            const char *other_drvname;
            const char *other_domname;

            virUSBDeviceGetUsedBy(tmp, &other_drvname, &other_domname);
            if (other_drvname && other_domname)
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                               _("USB device %s is in use by "
                                 "driver %s, domain %s"),
                               virUSBDeviceGetName(tmp),
                               other_drvname, other_domname);
            else
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                               _("USB device %s is already in use"),
                               virUSBDeviceGetName(tmp));
            goto error;
        }

        virUSBDeviceSetUsedBy(usb, drv_name, dom_name);
        VIR_DEBUG("Adding %03d.%03d dom=%s to activeUSBHostdevs",
                  virUSBDeviceGetBus(usb), virUSBDeviceGetDevno(usb),
                  dom_name);
        /*
         * The caller is responsible to steal these usb devices
         * from the virUSBDeviceList that passed in on success,
         * perform rollback on failure.
         */
        if (virUSBDeviceListAdd(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, usb) < 0)
            goto error;
    }

    virObjectUnlock(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    return 0;

 error:
    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        tmp = virUSBDeviceListGet(list, i);
        virUSBDeviceListSteal(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, tmp);
    }
    virObjectUnlock(mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    return -1;
}


static int
virHostdevFindUSBDevice(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                        bool mandatory,
                        virUSBDevicePtr *usb)
{
    virDomainHostdevSubsysUSBPtr usbsrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.usb;
    unsigned vendor = usbsrc->vendor;
    unsigned product = usbsrc->product;
    unsigned bus = usbsrc->bus;
    unsigned device = usbsrc->device;
    bool autoAddress = usbsrc->autoAddress;
    int rc;

    *usb = NULL;

    if (vendor && bus) {
        rc = virUSBDeviceFind(vendor, product, bus, device,
                              NULL,
                              autoAddress ? false : mandatory,
                              usb);
        if (rc < 0) {
            return -1;
        } else if (!autoAddress) {
            goto out;
        } else {
            VIR_INFO("USB device %x:%x could not be found at previous"
                     " address (bus:%u device:%u)",
                     vendor, product, bus, device);
        }
    }

    /* When vendor is specified, its USB address is either unspecified or the
     * device could not be found at the USB device where it had been
     * automatically found before.
     */
    if (vendor) {
        virUSBDeviceListPtr devs;

        rc = virUSBDeviceFindByVendor(vendor, product, NULL, mandatory, &devs);
        if (rc < 0)
            return -1;

        if (rc == 1) {
            *usb = virUSBDeviceListGet(devs, 0);
            virUSBDeviceListSteal(devs, *usb);
        }
        virObjectUnref(devs);

        if (rc == 0) {
            goto out;
        } else if (rc > 1) {
            if (autoAddress) {
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED,
                               _("Multiple USB devices for %x:%x were found,"
                                 " but none of them is at bus:%u device:%u"),
                               vendor, product, bus, device);
            } else {
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED,
                               _("Multiple USB devices for %x:%x, "
                                 "use <address> to specify one"),
                               vendor, product);
            }
            return -1;
        }

        usbsrc->bus = virUSBDeviceGetBus(*usb);
        usbsrc->device = virUSBDeviceGetDevno(*usb);
        usbsrc->autoAddress = true;

        if (autoAddress) {
            VIR_INFO("USB device %x:%x found at bus:%u device:%u (moved"
                     " from bus:%u device:%u)",
                     vendor, product,
                     usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device,
                     bus, device);
        }
    } else if (!vendor && bus) {
        if (virUSBDeviceFindByBus(bus, device, NULL, mandatory, usb) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

 out:
    if (!*usb)
        hostdev->missing = true;
    return 0;
}

int
virHostdevPrepareUSBDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                            const char *drv_name,
                            const char *dom_name,
                            virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                            int nhostdevs,
                            unsigned int flags)
{
    size_t i;
    int ret = -1;
    virUSBDeviceListPtr list;
    virUSBDevicePtr tmp;
    bool coldBoot = !!(flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_COLD_BOOT);

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    /* To prevent situation where USB device is assigned to two domains
     * we need to keep a list of currently assigned USB devices.
     * This is done in several loops which cannot be joined into one big
     * loop. See virHostdevPreparePCIDevices()
     */
    if (!(list = virUSBDeviceListNew()))
        goto cleanup;

    /* Loop 1: build temporary list
     */
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        bool required = true;
        virUSBDevicePtr usb;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_USB)
            continue;

        if (hostdev->startupPolicy == VIR_DOMAIN_STARTUP_POLICY_OPTIONAL ||
            (hostdev->startupPolicy == VIR_DOMAIN_STARTUP_POLICY_REQUISITE &&
             !coldBoot))
            required = false;

        if (virHostdevFindUSBDevice(hostdev, required, &usb) < 0)
            goto cleanup;

        if (usb && virUSBDeviceListAdd(list, usb) < 0) {
            virUSBDeviceFree(usb);
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    /* Mark devices in temporary list as used by @dom_name
     * and add them do driver list. However, if something goes
     * wrong, perform rollback.
     */
    if (virHostdevMarkUSBDevices(hostdev_mgr, drv_name, dom_name, list) < 0)
        goto cleanup;

    /* Loop 2: Temporary list was successfully merged with
     * driver list, so steal all items to avoid freeing them
     * in cleanup label.
     */
    while (virUSBDeviceListCount(list) > 0) {
        tmp = virUSBDeviceListGet(list, 0);
        virUSBDeviceListSteal(list, tmp);
    }

    ret = 0;

 cleanup:
    virObjectUnref(list);
    return ret;
}

static int
virHostdevPrepareSCSIHostDevices(virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                                 virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc,
                                 virSCSIDeviceListPtr list)
{
    virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIHostPtr scsihostsrc = &scsisrc->u.host;
    virSCSIDevicePtr scsi;
    int ret = -1;

    if (hostdev->managed) {
        virReportError(VIR_ERR_XML_ERROR, "%s",
                       _("SCSI host device doesn't support managed mode"));
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (!(scsi = virSCSIDeviceNew(NULL,
                                  scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus,
                                  scsihostsrc->target, scsihostsrc->unit,
                                  hostdev->readonly, hostdev->shareable)))
        goto cleanup;

    if (virSCSIDeviceListAdd(list, scsi) < 0) {
        virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    ret = 0;

 cleanup:
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevPrepareSCSIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                             const char *drv_name,
                             const char *dom_name,
                             virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                             int nhostdevs)
{
    size_t i, j;
    int count;
    virSCSIDeviceListPtr list;
    virSCSIDevicePtr tmp;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    /* To prevent situation where SCSI device is assigned to two domains
     * we need to keep a list of currently assigned SCSI devices.
     * This is done in several loops which cannot be joined into one big
     * loop. See virHostdevPreparePCIDevices()
     */
    if (!(list = virSCSIDeviceListNew()))
        goto cleanup;

    /* Loop 1: build temporary list */
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.scsi;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS ||
            hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_SCSI)
            continue;

        if (scsisrc->protocol == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SCSI_PROTOCOL_TYPE_ISCSI) {
            continue;  /* Not supported for iSCSI */
        } else {
            if (virHostdevPrepareSCSIHostDevices(hostdev, scsisrc, list) < 0)
                goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    /* Loop 2: Mark devices in temporary list as used by @name
     * and add them to driver list. However, if something goes
     * wrong, perform rollback.
     */
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
    count = virSCSIDeviceListCount(list);

    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        virSCSIDevicePtr scsi = virSCSIDeviceListGet(list, i);
        if ((tmp = virSCSIDeviceListFind(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs,
                                         scsi))) {
            bool scsi_shareable = virSCSIDeviceGetShareable(scsi);
            bool tmp_shareable = virSCSIDeviceGetShareable(tmp);

            if (!(scsi_shareable && tmp_shareable)) {
                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_INVALID,
                               _("SCSI device %s is already in use by "
                                 "other domain(s) as '%s'"),
                               virSCSIDeviceGetName(tmp),
                               tmp_shareable ? "shareable" : "non-shareable");
                goto error;
            }

            if (virSCSIDeviceSetUsedBy(tmp, drv_name, dom_name) < 0)
                goto error;
        } else {
            if (virSCSIDeviceSetUsedBy(scsi, drv_name, dom_name) < 0)
                goto error;

            VIR_DEBUG("Adding %s to activeSCSIHostdevs", virSCSIDeviceGetName(scsi));

            if (virSCSIDeviceListAdd(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, scsi) < 0)
                goto error;
        }
    }

    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);

    /* Loop 3: Temporary list was successfully merged with
     * driver list, so steal all items to avoid freeing them
     * when freeing temporary list.
     */
    while (virSCSIDeviceListCount(list) > 0) {
        tmp = virSCSIDeviceListGet(list, 0);
        virSCSIDeviceListSteal(list, tmp);
    }

    virObjectUnref(list);
    return 0;

 error:
    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        tmp = virSCSIDeviceListGet(list, i);
        virSCSIDeviceListSteal(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, tmp);
    }
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
 cleanup:
    virObjectUnref(list);
    return -1;
}

void
virHostdevReAttachUSBDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                             const char *drv_name,
                             const char *dom_name,
                             virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                             int nhostdevs)
{
    size_t i;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDomainHostdevSubsysUSBPtr usbsrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.usb;
        virUSBDevicePtr usb, tmp;
        const char *usedby_drvname;
        const char *usedby_domname;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_USB)
            continue;
        if (hostdev->missing)
            continue;

        if (!(usb = virUSBDeviceNew(usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device, NULL))) {
            VIR_WARN("Unable to reattach USB device %03d.%03d on domain %s",
                     usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device, dom_name);
            continue;
        }

        /* Delete only those USB devices which belongs
         * to domain @name because qemuProcessStart() might
         * have failed because USB device is already taken.
         * Therefore we want to steal only those devices from
         * the list which were taken by @name */

        tmp = virUSBDeviceListFind(hostdev_mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, usb);
        virUSBDeviceFree(usb);

        if (!tmp) {
            VIR_WARN("Unable to find device %03d.%03d "
                     "in list of active USB devices",
                     usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device);
            continue;
        }

        virUSBDeviceGetUsedBy(tmp, &usedby_drvname, &usedby_domname);
        if (STREQ_NULLABLE(drv_name, usedby_drvname) &&
            STREQ_NULLABLE(dom_name, usedby_domname)) {
            VIR_DEBUG("Removing %03d.%03d dom=%s from activeUSBHostdevs",
                      usbsrc->bus, usbsrc->device, dom_name);
            virUSBDeviceListDel(hostdev_mgr->activeUSBHostdevs, tmp);
        }
    }
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activeUSBHostdevs);
}

static void
virHostdevReAttachSCSIHostDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                                  virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev,
                                  virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc,
                                  const char *drv_name,
                                  const char *dom_name)
{
    virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIHostPtr scsihostsrc = &scsisrc->u.host;
    virSCSIDevicePtr scsi;
    virSCSIDevicePtr tmp;

    if (!(scsi = virSCSIDeviceNew(NULL,
                                  scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus,
                                  scsihostsrc->target, scsihostsrc->unit,
                                  hostdev->readonly, hostdev->shareable))) {
        VIR_WARN("Unable to reattach SCSI device %s:%u:%u:%llu on domain %s",
                 scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus, scsihostsrc->target,
                 scsihostsrc->unit, dom_name);
        return;
    }

    /* Only delete the devices which are marked as being used by @name,
     * because qemuProcessStart could fail half way through. */

    if (!(tmp = virSCSIDeviceListFind(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, scsi))) {
        VIR_WARN("Unable to find device %s:%u:%u:%llu "
                 "in list of active SCSI devices",
                 scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus,
                 scsihostsrc->target, scsihostsrc->unit);
        virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
        return;
    }

    VIR_DEBUG("Removing %s:%u:%u:%llu dom=%s from activeSCSIHostdevs",
               scsihostsrc->adapter, scsihostsrc->bus, scsihostsrc->target,
               scsihostsrc->unit, dom_name);

    virSCSIDeviceListDel(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs, tmp,
                         drv_name, dom_name);
    virSCSIDeviceFree(scsi);
}

void
virHostdevReAttachSCSIDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                              const char *drv_name,
                              const char *dom_name,
                              virDomainHostdevDefPtr *hostdevs,
                              int nhostdevs)
{
    size_t i;

    if (!nhostdevs)
        return;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
    for (i = 0; i < nhostdevs; i++) {
        virDomainHostdevDefPtr hostdev = hostdevs[i];
        virDomainHostdevSubsysSCSIPtr scsisrc = &hostdev->source.subsys.u.scsi;

        if (hostdev->mode != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_MODE_SUBSYS ||
            hostdev->source.subsys.type != VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SUBSYS_TYPE_SCSI)
            continue;

        if (scsisrc->protocol == VIR_DOMAIN_HOSTDEV_SCSI_PROTOCOL_TYPE_ISCSI)
            continue; /* Not supported for iSCSI */
        else
            virHostdevReAttachSCSIHostDevices(hostdev_mgr, hostdev, scsisrc,
                                              drv_name, dom_name);
    }
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activeSCSIHostdevs);
}

int
virHostdevPCINodeDeviceDetach(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                              virPCIDevicePtr pci)
{
    virPCIDeviceAddressPtr devAddr = NULL;
    struct virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsedData data = { hostdev_mgr, NULL,
                                                     false };
    int ret = -1;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);

    if (!(devAddr = virPCIDeviceGetAddress(pci)))
        goto out;

    if (virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsed(devAddr, &data))
        goto out;

    if (virPCIDeviceDetach(pci, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                           hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0) {
        goto out;
    }

    ret = 0;
 out:
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    VIR_FREE(devAddr);
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevPCINodeDeviceReAttach(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                                virPCIDevicePtr pci)
{
    virPCIDeviceAddressPtr devAddr = NULL;
    struct virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsedData data = {hostdev_mgr, NULL,
                                                     false};
    int ret = -1;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);

    if (!(devAddr = virPCIDeviceGetAddress(pci)))
        goto out;

    if (virHostdevIsPCINodeDeviceUsed(devAddr, &data))
        goto out;

    virPCIDeviceReattachInit(pci);

    if (virPCIDeviceReattach(pci, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                             hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0)
        goto out;

    ret = 0;
 out:
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    VIR_FREE(devAddr);
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevPCINodeDeviceReset(virHostdevManagerPtr hostdev_mgr,
                             virPCIDevicePtr pci)
{
    int ret = -1;

    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectLock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    if (virPCIDeviceReset(pci, hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs,
                          hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs) < 0)
        goto out;

    ret = 0;
 out:
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->inactivePCIHostdevs);
    virObjectUnlock(hostdev_mgr->activePCIHostdevs);
    return ret;
}

int
virHostdevPrepareDomainDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                               const char *driver,
                               virDomainDefPtr def,
                               unsigned int flags)
{
    if (!def->nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    if (mgr == NULL)
        return -1;

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_PCI) {
        if (virHostdevPreparePCIDevices(mgr, driver,
                                        def->name, def->uuid,
                                        def->hostdevs,
                                        def->nhostdevs,
                                        flags) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_USB) {
        if (virHostdevPrepareUSBDevices(mgr, driver, def->name,
                                         def->hostdevs, def->nhostdevs,
                                         flags) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_SCSI) {
        if (virHostdevPrepareSCSIDevices(mgr, driver, def->name,
                                         def->hostdevs, def->nhostdevs) < 0)
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/* @oldStateDir
 * For upgrade purpose: see virHostdevReAttachPCIHostdevs
 */
void
virHostdevReAttachDomainDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                const char *driver,
                                virDomainDefPtr def,
                                unsigned int flags,
                                const char *oldStateDir)
{
    if (!def->nhostdevs || !mgr)
        return;

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_PCI) {
        virHostdevReAttachPCIDevices(mgr, driver, def->name,
                                     def->hostdevs, def->nhostdevs,
                                     oldStateDir);
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_USB) {
        virHostdevReAttachUSBDevices(mgr, driver, def->name,
                                     def->hostdevs, def->nhostdevs);
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_SCSI) {
        virHostdevReAttachSCSIDevices(mgr, driver, def->name,
                                      def->hostdevs, def->nhostdevs);
    }
}

int
virHostdevUpdateDomainActiveDevices(virHostdevManagerPtr mgr,
                                    const char *driver,
                                    virDomainDefPtr def,
                                    unsigned int flags)
{
    if (!def->nhostdevs)
        return 0;

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_PCI) {
        if (virHostdevUpdateActivePCIDevices(mgr,
                                             def->hostdevs,
                                             def->nhostdevs,
                                             driver, def->name) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_USB) {
        if (virHostdevUpdateActiveUSBDevices(mgr,
                                             def->hostdevs,
                                             def->nhostdevs,
                                             driver, def->name) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    if (flags & VIR_HOSTDEV_SP_SCSI) {
        if (virHostdevUpdateActiveSCSIDevices(mgr,
                                              def->hostdevs,
                                              def->nhostdevs,
                                              driver, def->name) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}