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26 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="libvirt.css" /><link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/32favicon.png" /><title>XML Format</title></head><body><div id="container"><div id="intro"><div id="adjustments"></div><div id="pageHeader"></div><div id="content2"><h1 class="style1">XML Format</h1><p>This section describes the XML format used to represent domains, there are
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variations on the format based on the kind of domains run and the options
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used to launch them:</p><ul><li><a href="#Normal1">Normal paravirtualized Xen domains</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Fully1">Fully virtualized Xen domains</a></li>
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<li><a href="#KVM1">KVM domains</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Net1">Networking options for QEmu and KVM</a></li>
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<li><a href="#QEmu1">QEmu domains</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Capa1">Discovering virtualization capabilities</a></li>
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</ul><p>The formats try as much as possible to follow the same structure and reuse
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elements and attributes where it makes sense.</p><h3 id="Normal"><a name="Normal1" id="Normal1">Normal paravirtualized Xen
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guests</a>:</h3><p>The library use an XML format to describe domains, as input to <a href="html/libvirt-libvirt.html#virDomainCreateLinux">virDomainCreateLinux()</a>
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and as the output of <a href="html/libvirt-libvirt.html#virDomainGetXMLDesc">virDomainGetXMLDesc()</a>,
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the following is an example of the format as returned by the shell command
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<code>virsh xmldump fc4</code> , where fc4 was one of the running domains:</p><pre><domain type='xen' <span style="color: #0071FF; background-color: #FFFFFF">id='18'</span>>
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<name>fc4</name>
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<span style="color: #00B200; background-color: #FFFFFF"><os>
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<type>linux</type>
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<kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-1.43_FC5guest</kernel>
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<initrd>/boot/initrd-2.6.15-1.43_FC5guest.img</initrd>
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<root>/dev/sda1</root>
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<cmdline> ro selinux=0 3</cmdline>
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</os></span>
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<memory>131072</memory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<devices>
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<span style="color: #FF0080; background-color: #FFFFFF"><disk type='file'>
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<source file='/u/fc4.img'/>
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<target dev='sda1'/>
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</disk></span>
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<span style="color: #0000FF; background-color: #FFFFFF"><interface type='bridge'>
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<source bridge='xenbr0'/>
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<mac address='</span><span style="color: #0000FF; background-color: #FFFFFF"></span><span style="color: #0000FF; background-color: #FFFFFF">aa:00:00:00:00:11'/>
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<script path='/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge'/>
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</interface></span>
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<span style="color: #FF8000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><console tty='/dev/pts/5'/></span>
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</devices>
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</domain></pre><p>The root element must be called <code>domain</code> with no namespace, the
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<code>type</code> attribute indicates the kind of hypervisor used, 'xen' is
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the default value. The <code>id</code> attribute gives the domain id at
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runtime (not however that this may change, for example if the domain is saved
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to disk and restored). The domain has a few children whose order is not
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significant:</p><ul><li>name: the domain name, preferably ASCII based</li>
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<li>memory: the maximum memory allocated to the domain in kilobytes</li>
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<li>vcpu: the number of virtual cpu configured for the domain</li>
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<li>os: a block describing the Operating System, its content will be
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dependant on the OS type
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<ul><li>type: indicate the OS type, always linux at this point</li>
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<li>kernel: path to the kernel on the Domain 0 filesystem</li>
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<li>initrd: an optional path for the init ramdisk on the Domain 0
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filesystem</li>
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<li>cmdline: optional command line to the kernel</li>
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<li>root: the root filesystem from the guest viewpoint, it may be
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passed as part of the cmdline content too</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>devices: a list of <code>disk</code>, <code>interface</code> and
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<code>console</code> descriptions in no special order</li>
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</ul><p>The format of the devices and their type may grow over time, but the
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following should be sufficient for basic use:</p><p>A <code>disk</code> device indicates a block device, it can have two
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values for the type attribute either 'file' or 'block' corresponding to the 2
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options availble at the Xen layer. It has two mandatory children, and one
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optional one in no specific order:</p><ul><li>source with a file attribute containing the path in Domain 0 to the
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file or a dev attribute if using a block device, containing the device
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name ('hda5' or '/dev/hda5')</li>
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<li>target indicates in a dev attribute the device where it is mapped in
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the guest</li>
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<li>readonly an optional empty element indicating the device is
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read-only</li>
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</ul><p>An <code>interface</code> element describes a network device mapped on the
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guest, it also has a type whose value is currently 'bridge', it also have a
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number of children in no specific order:</p><ul><li>source: indicating the bridge name</li>
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<li>mac: the optional mac address provided in the address attribute</li>
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<li>ip: the optional IP address provided in the address attribute</li>
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<li>script: the script used to bridge the interfcae in the Domain 0</li>
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<li>target: and optional target indicating the device name.</li>
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</ul><p>A <code>console</code> element describes a serial console connection to
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the guest. It has no children, and a single attribute <code>tty</code> which
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provides the path to the Pseudo TTY on which the guest console can be
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accessed</p><p>Life cycle actions for the domain can also be expressed in the XML format,
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they drive what should be happening if the domain crashes, is rebooted or is
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poweroff. There is various actions possible when this happen:</p><ul><li>destroy: The domain is cleaned up (that's the default normal processing
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in Xen)</li>
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<li>restart: A new domain is started in place of the old one with the same
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configuration parameters</li>
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<li>preserve: The domain will remain in memory until it is destroyed
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manually, it won't be running but allows for post-mortem debugging</li>
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<li>rename-restart: a variant of the previous one but where the old domain
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is renamed before being saved to allow a restart</li>
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</ul><p>The following could be used for a Xen production system:</p><pre><domain>
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...
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_crash>rename-restart</on_crash>
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...
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</domain></pre><p>While the format may be extended in various ways as support for more
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hypervisor types and features are added, it is expected that this core subset
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will remain functional in spite of the evolution of the library.</p><h3 id="Fully"><a name="Fully1" id="Fully1">Fully virtualized guests</a>
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(added in 0.1.3):</h3><p>Here is an example of a domain description used to start a fully
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virtualized (a.k.a. HVM) Xen domain. This requires hardware virtualization
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support at the processor level but allows to run unmodified operating
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systems:</p><pre><domain type='xen' id='3'>
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<name>fv0</name>
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<uuid>4dea22b31d52d8f32516782e98ab3fa0</uuid>
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<os>
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<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><type>hvm</type></span>
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<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><loader>/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader</loader></span>
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<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><boot dev='hd'/></span>
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</os>
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<memory>524288</memory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
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<features>
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<span style="color: #E50000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><pae/>
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<acpi/>
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<apic/></span>
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</features>
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<devices>
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<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><emulator>/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm</emulator></span>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<source bridge='xenbr0'/>
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<mac address='00:16:3e:5d:c7:9e'/>
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<script path='vif-bridge'/>
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</interface>
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<disk type='file'>
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<source file='/root/fv0'/>
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<target <span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF">dev='hda'</span>/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' <span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF">device='cdrom'</span>>
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<source file='/root/fc5-x86_64-boot.iso'/>
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<target <span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF">dev='hdc'</span>/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' <span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF">device='floppy'</span>>
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<source file='/root/fd.img'/>
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<target <span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF">dev='fda'</span>/>
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</disk>
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<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><graphics type='vnc' port='5904'/></span>
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</devices>
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</domain></pre><p>There is a few things to notice specifically for HVM domains:</p><ul><li>the optional <code><features></code> block is used to enable
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certain guest CPU / system features. For HVM guests the following
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features are defined:
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<ul><li><code>pae</code> - enable PAE memory addressing</li>
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<li><code>apic</code> - enable IO APIC</li>
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<li><code>acpi</code> - enable ACPI bios</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>the <code><os></code> block description is very different, first
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it indicates that the type is 'hvm' for hardware virtualization, then
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instead of a kernel, boot and command line arguments, it points to an os
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boot loader which will extract the boot informations from the boot device
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specified in a separate boot element. The <code>dev</code> attribute on
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the <code>boot</code> tag can be one of:
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<ul><li><code>fd</code> - boot from first floppy device</li>
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<li><code>hd</code> - boot from first harddisk device</li>
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<li><code>cdrom</code> - boot from first cdrom device</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>the <code><devices></code> section includes an emulator entry
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pointing to an additional program in charge of emulating the devices</li>
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<li>the disk entry indicates in the dev target section that the emulation
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for the drive is the first IDE disk device hda. The list of device names
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supported is dependant on the Hypervisor, but for Xen it can be any IDE
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device <code>hda</code>-<code>hdd</code>, or a floppy device
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<code>fda</code>, <code>fdb</code>. The <code><disk></code> element
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also supports a 'device' attribute to indicate what kinda of hardware to
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emulate. The following values are supported:
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<ul><li><code>floppy</code> - a floppy disk controller</li>
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<li><code>disk</code> - a generic hard drive (the default it
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omitted)</li>
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<li><code>cdrom</code> - a CDROM device</li>
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</ul>
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For Xen 3.0.2 and earlier a CDROM device can only be emulated on the
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<code>hdc</code> channel, while for 3.0.3 and later, it can be emulated
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on any IDE channel.</li>
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<li>the <code><devices></code> section also include at least one
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entry for the graphic device used to render the os. Currently there is
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just 2 types possible 'vnc' or 'sdl'. If the type is 'vnc', then an
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additional <code>port</code> attribute will be present indicating the TCP
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port on which the VNC server is accepting client connections.</li>
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</ul><p>It is likely that the HVM description gets additional optional elements
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and attributes as the support for fully virtualized domain expands,
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especially for the variety of devices emulated and the graphic support
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options offered.</p><h3><a name="KVM1" id="KVM1">KVM domain (added in 0.2.0)</a></h3><p>Support for the <a href="http://kvm.qumranet.com/">KVM virtualization</a>
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is provided in recent Linux kernels (2.6.20 and onward). This requires
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specific hardware with acceleration support and the availability of the
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special version of the <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEmu</a> binary. Since this
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relies on QEmu for the machine emulation like fully virtualized guests the
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XML description is quite similar, here is a simple example:</p><pre><domain <span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF">type='kvm'</span>>
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<name>demo2</name>
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<uuid>4dea24b3-1d52-d8f3-2516-782e98a23fa0</uuid>
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<memory>131072</memory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<devices>
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<span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><emulator>/home/user/usr/kvm-devel/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator></span>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<source file='/home/user/fedora/diskboot.img'/>
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<target dev='hda'/>
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</disk>
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<interface <span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF">type='user'</span>>
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<mac address='24:42:53:21:52:45'/>
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</interface>
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<graphics type='vnc' port='-1'/>
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</devices>
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</domain></pre><p>The specific points to note if using KVM are:</p><ul><li>the top level domain element carries a type of 'kvm'</li>
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<li>the <devices> emulator points to the special qemu binary required
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for KVM</li>
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<li>networking interface definitions definitions are somewhat different due
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to a different model from Xen see below</li>
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</ul><p>except those points the options should be quite similar to Xen HVM
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ones.</p><h3><a name="Net1" id="Net1">Networking options for QEmu and KVM (added in 0.2.0)</a></h3><p>The networking support in the QEmu and KVM case is more flexible, and
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support a variety of options:</p><ol><li>Userspace SLIRP stack
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<p>Provides a virtual LAN with NAT to the outside world. The virtual
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network has DHCP & DNS services and will give the guest VM addresses
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starting from <code>10.0.2.15</code>. The default router will be
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<code>10.0.2.2</code> and the DNS server will be <code>10.0.2.3</code>.
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This networking is the only option for unprivileged users who need their
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VMs to have outgoing access. Example configs are:</p>
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<pre><interface type='user'/></pre>
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<pre>
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<interface type='user'>
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<mac address="11:22:33:44:55:66:/>
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</interface>
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Virtual network
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<p>Provides a virtual network using a bridge device in the host.
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Depending on the virtual network configuration, the network may be
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totally isolated,NAT'ing to aan explicit network device, or NAT'ing to
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the default route. DHCP and DNS are provided on the virtual network in
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all cases and the IP range can be determined by examining the virtual
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network config with '<code>virsh net-dumpxml <network
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name></code>'. There is one virtual network called'default' setup out
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of the box which does NAT'ing to the default route and has an IP range of
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<code>192.168.22.0/255.255.255.0</code>. Each guest will have an
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associated tun device created with a name of vnetN, which can also be
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overriden with the <target> element. Example configs are:</p>
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<pre><interface type='network'>
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<source network='default'/>
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</interface>
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<interface type='network'>
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<source network='default'/>
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<target dev='vnet7'/>
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<mac address="11:22:33:44:55:66:/>
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</interface>
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Bridge to to LAN
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<p>Provides a bridge from the VM directly onto the LAN. This assumes
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there is a bridge device on the host which has one or more of the hosts
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physical NICs enslaved. The guest VM will have an associated tun device
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created with a name of vnetN, which can also be overriden with the
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<target> element. The tun device will be enslaved to the bridge.
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The IP range / network configuration is whatever is used on the LAN. This
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provides the guest VM full incoming & outgoing net access just like a
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physical machine. Examples include:</p>
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<pre><interface type='bridge'>
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<source dev='br0'/>
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</interface>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<source dev='br0'/>
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<target dev='vnet7'/>
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<mac address="11:22:33:44:55:66:/>
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</interface> <interface type='bridge'>
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<source dev='br0'/>
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<target dev='vnet7'/>
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<mac address="11:22:33:44:55:66:/>
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</interface></pre>
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</li>
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<li>Generic connection to LAN
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<p>Provides a means for the administrator to execute an arbitrary script
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to connect the guest's network to the LAN. The guest will have a tun
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device created with a name of vnetN, which can also be overriden with the
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<target> element. After creating the tun device a shell script will
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be run which is expected to do whatever host network integration is
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required. By default this script is called /etc/qemu-ifup but can be
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overriden.</p>
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<pre><interface type='ethernet'/>
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<interface type='ethernet'>
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<target dev='vnet7'/>
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<script path='/etc/qemu-ifup-mynet'/>
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</interface></pre>
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</li>
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<li>Multicast tunnel
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<p>A multicast group is setup to represent a virtual network. Any VMs
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whose network devices are in the same multicast group can talk to each
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other even across hosts. This mode is also available to unprivileged
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users. There is no default DNS or DHCP support and no outgoing network
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access. To provide outgoing network access, one of the VMs should have a
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2nd NIC which is connected to one of the first 4 network types and do the
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appropriate routing. The multicast protocol is compatible with that used
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by user mode linux guests too. The source address used must be from the
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multicast address block.</p>
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<pre><interface type='mcast'>
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<source address='230.0.0.1' port='5558'/>
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</interface></pre>
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</li>
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<li>TCP tunnel
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<p>A TCP client/server architecture provides a virtual network. One VM
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provides the server end of the netowrk, all other VMS are configured as
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clients. All network traffic is routed between the VMs via the server.
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This mode is also available to unprivileged users. There is no default
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DNS or DHCP support and no outgoing network access. To provide outgoing
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network access, one of the VMs should have a 2nd NIC which is connected
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to one of the first 4 network types and do the appropriate routing.</p>
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<p>Example server config:</p>
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<pre><interface type='server'>
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<source address='192.168.0.1' port='5558'/>
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</interface></pre>
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<p>Example client config:</p>
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<pre><interface type='client'>
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<source address='192.168.0.1' port='5558'/>
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</interface></pre>
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</li>
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</ol><p>To be noted, options 2, 3, 4 are also supported by Xen VMs, so it is
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possible to use these configs to have networking with both Xen &
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QEMU/KVMs connected to each other.</p><h3>Q<a name="QEmu1" id="QEmu1">Emu domain (added in 0.2.0)</a></h3><p>Libvirt support for KVM and QEmu is the same code base with only minor
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changes. The configuration is as a result nearly identical, the only changes
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are related to QEmu ability to emulate <a href="http://www.qemu.org/status.html">various CPU type and hardware
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platforms</a>, and kqemu support (QEmu own kernel accelerator when the
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emulated CPU is i686 as well as the target machine):</p><pre><domain <span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF">type='qemu'</span>>
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<name>QEmu-fedora-i686</name>
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<uuid>c7a5fdbd-cdaf-9455-926a-d65c16db1809</uuid>
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<memory>219200</memory>
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<currentMemory>219200</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>2</vcpu>
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<os>
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<span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type></span>
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<boot dev='cdrom'/>
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</os>
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<devices>
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<span style="color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><emulator>/usr/bin/qemu</emulator></span>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<source file='/home/user/boot.iso'/>
|
|
<target dev='hdc'/>
|
|
<readonly/>
|
|
</disk>
|
|
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
|
|
<source file='/home/user/fedora.img'/>
|
|
<target dev='hda'/>
|
|
</disk>
|
|
<interface type='network'>
|
|
<source name='default'/>
|
|
</interface>
|
|
<graphics type='vnc' port='-1'/>
|
|
</devices>
|
|
</domain></pre><p>The difference here are:</p><ul><li>the value of type on top-level domain, it's 'qemu' or kqemu if asking
|
|
for <a href="http://www.qemu.org/kqemu-tech.html">kernel assisted
|
|
acceleration</a></li>
|
|
<li>the os type block defines the architecture to be emulated, and
|
|
optionally the machine type, see the discovery API below</li>
|
|
<li>the emulator string must point to the right emulator for that
|
|
architecture</li>
|
|
</ul><h3><a name="Capa1" id="Capa1">Discovering virtualization capabilities (Added in 0.2.1)</a></h3><p>As new virtualization engine support gets added to libvirt, and to handle
|
|
cases like QEmu supporting a variety of emulations, a query interface has
|
|
been added in 0.2.1 allowing to list the set of supported virtualization
|
|
capabilities on the host:</p><pre> char * virConnectGetCapabilities (virConnectPtr conn);</pre><p>The value returned is an XML document listing the virtualization
|
|
capabilities of the host and virtualization engine to which
|
|
<code>@conn</code> is connected. One can test it using <code>virsh</code>
|
|
command line tool command '<code>capabilities</code>', it dumps the XML
|
|
associated to the current connection. For example in the case of a 64 bits
|
|
machine with hardware virtualization capabilities enabled in the chip and
|
|
BIOS you will see</p><pre><capabilities>
|
|
<span style="color: #E50000; background-color: #FFFFFF"><host>
|
|
<cpu>
|
|
<arch>x86_64</arch>
|
|
<features>
|
|
<vmx/>
|
|
</features>
|
|
</cpu>
|
|
</host></span>
|
|
|
|
<!-- xen-3.0-x86_64 -->
|
|
<span style="color: #0000E5; background-color: #FFFFFF"><guest>
|
|
<os_type>xen</os_type>
|
|
<arch name="x86_64">
|
|
<wordsize>64</wordsize>
|
|
<domain type="xen"></domain>
|
|
<emulator>/usr/lib64/xen/bin/qemu-dm</emulator>
|
|
</arch>
|
|
<features>
|
|
</features>
|
|
</guest></span>
|
|
|
|
<!-- hvm-3.0-x86_32 -->
|
|
<span style="color: #00B200; background-color: #FFFFFF"><guest>
|
|
<os_type>hvm</os_type>
|
|
<arch name="i686">
|
|
<wordsize>32</wordsize>
|
|
<domain type="xen"></domain>
|
|
<emulator>/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm</emulator>
|
|
<machine>pc</machine>
|
|
<machine>isapc</machine>
|
|
<loader>/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader</loader>
|
|
</arch>
|
|
<features>
|
|
</features>
|
|
</guest></span>
|
|
...
|
|
</capabilities></pre><p>The fist block (in red) indicates the host hardware capbilities, currently
|
|
it is limited to the CPU properties but other information may be available,
|
|
it shows the CPU architecture, and the features of the chip (the feature
|
|
block is similar to what you will find in a Xen fully virtualized domain
|
|
description).</p><p>The second block (in blue) indicates the paravirtualization support of the
|
|
Xen support, you will see the os_type of xen to indicate a paravirtual
|
|
kernel, then architecture informations and potential features.</p><p>The third block (in green) gives similar informations but when running a
|
|
32 bit OS fully virtualized with Xen using the hvm support.</p><p>This section is likely to be updated and augmented in the future, see <a href="https://www.redhat.com/archives/libvir-list/2007-March/msg00215.html">the
|
|
discussion</a> which led to the capabilities format in the mailing-list
|
|
archives.</p></div></div><div class="linkList2"><div class="llinks2"><h3 class="links2"><span>main menu</span></h3><ul><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="news.html">Releases</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="architecture.html">libvirt architecture</a></li><li><a href="downloads.html">Downloads</a></li><li><a href="format.html">XML Format</a></li><li><a href="python.html">Binding for Python</a></li><li><a href="errors.html">Handling of errors</a></li><li><a href="FAQ.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="bugs.html">Reporting bugs and getting help</a></li><li><a href="remote.html">Remote support</a></li><li><a href="html/index.html">API Menu</a></li><li><a href="examples/index.html">C code examples</a></li><li><a href="ChangeLog.html">Recent Changes</a></li></ul></div><div class="llinks2"><h3 class="links2"><span>related links</span></h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/archives/libvir-list/">Mail archive</a></li><li><a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?product=Fedora+Core&component=libvirt&bug_status=NEW&bug_status=ASSIGNED&bug_status=REOPENED&bug_status=MODIFIED&short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&short_desc=&long_desc_type=allwordssubstr">Open bugs</a></li><li><a href="http://virt-manager.et.redhat.com/">virt-manager</a></li><li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/~danberr/Sys-Virt-0.1.0/">Perl bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/index.html">Xen project</a></li><li><form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="12" value="Search..." /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Go" /></form></li><li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-90x34.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></li></ul><p class="credits">Graphics and design by <a href="mail:dfong@redhat.com">Diana Fong</a></p></div></div><div id="bottom"><p class="p1"></p></div></div></body></html>
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