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532 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="libvirt.css" /><link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/32favicon.png" /><title>Storage Management</title></head><body><div id="container"><div id="intro"><div id="adjustments"></div><div id="pageHeader"></div><div id="content2"><h1 class="style1">Storage Management</h1><p>
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This page describes the storage management capabilities in
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libvirt.
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</p><ul><li><a href="#StorageCore">Core concepts</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StoragePool">Storage pool XML</a>
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<ul><li><a href="#StoragePoolFirst">First level elements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StoragePoolSource">Source elements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StoragePoolTarget">Target elements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StoragePoolExtents">Device extents</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageVol">Storage volume XML</a>
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<ul><li><a href="#StorageVolFirst">First level elements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageVolSource">Source elements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageVolTarget">Target elements</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackend">Storage backend drivers</a>
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<ul><li><a href="#StorageBackendDir">Directory backend</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackendFS">Local filesystem backend</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackendNetFS">Network filesystem backend</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackendLogical">Logical backend</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackendDisk">Disk backend</a></li>
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<li><a href="#StorageBackendISCSI">iSCSI backend</a></li>
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</ul><h3><a name="StorageCore" id="StorageCore">Core concepts</a></h3>
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<p>
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The storage management APIs are based around 2 core concepts
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</p>
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<ol><li><strong>Volume</strong> - a single storage volume which can
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be assigned to a guest, or used for creating further pools. A
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volume is either a block device, a raw file, or a special format
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file.</li>
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<li><strong>Pool</strong> - provides a means for taking a chunk
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of storage and carving it up into volumes. A pool can be used to
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manage things such as a physical disk, a NFS server, a iSCSI target,
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a host adapter, an LVM group.</li>
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</ol><p>
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These two concepts are mapped through to two libvirt objects, a
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<code>virStorageVolPtr</code> and a <code>virStoragePoolPtr</code>,
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each with a collection of APIs for their management.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="StoragePool" id="StoragePool">Storage pool XML</a></h3>
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<p>
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Although all storage pool backends share the same public APIs and
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XML format, they have varying levels of capabilities. Some may
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allow creation of volumes, others may only allow use of pre-existing
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volumes. Some may have constraints on volume size, or placement.
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</p>
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<p>The is the top level tag for a storage pool document is 'pool'. It has
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a single attribute <code>type</code>, which is one of <code>dir</code>,
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<code>fs</code>,<code>netfs</code>,<code>disk</code>,<code>iscsi</code>,
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<code>logical</code>. This corresponds to the storage backend drivers
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listed further along in this document.
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StoragePoolFirst" id="StoragePoolFirst">First level elements</a></h4>
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<dl><dt>name</dt>
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<dd>Providing a name for the pool which is unique to the host.
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This is mandatory when defining a pool</dd>
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<dt>uuid</dt>
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<dd>Providing an identifier for the pool which is globally unique.
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This is optional when defining a pool, a UUID will be generated if
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omitted</dd>
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<dt>allocation</dt>
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<dd>Providing the total storage allocation for the pool. This may
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be larger than the sum of the allocation of all volumes due to
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metadata overhead. This value is in bytes. This is not applicable
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when creating a pool.</dd>
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<dt>capacity</dt>
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<dd>Providing the total storage capacity for the pool. Due to
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underlying device constraints it may not be possible to use the
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full capacity for storage volumes. This value is in bytes. This
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is not applicable when creating a pool.</dd>
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<dt>available</dt>
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<dd>Providing the free space available for allocating new volumes
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in the pool. Due to underlying device constraints it may not be
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possible to allocate the entire free space to a single volume.
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This value is in bytes. This is not applicable when creating a
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pool.</dd>
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<dt>source</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the source of the pool, such as
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the underlying host devices, or remote server</dd>
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<dt>target</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the representation of the pool
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on the local host.</dd>
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</dl><h4><a name="StoragePoolSource" id="StoragePoolSource">Source elements</a></h4>
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<dl><dt>device</dt>
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<dd>Provides the source for pools backed by physical devices.
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May be repeated multiple times depending on backend driver. Contains
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a single attribute <code>path</code> which is the fully qualified
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path to the block device node.</dd>
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<dt>directory</dt>
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<dd>Provides the source for pools backed by directories. May
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only occur once. Contains a single attribute <code>path</code>
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which is the fully qualified path to the block device node.</dd>
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<dt>host</dt>
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<dd>Provides the source for pools backed by storage from a
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remote server. Will be used in combination with a <code>directory</code>
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or <code>device</code> element. Contains an attribute <code>name<code>
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which is the hostname or IP address of the server. May optionally
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contain a <code>port</code> attribute for the protocol specific
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port number.</code></code></dd>
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<dt>format</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the format of the pool. This
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contains a single attribute <code>type</code> whose value is
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backend specific. This is typically used to indicate filesystem
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type, or network filesystem type, or partition table type, or
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LVM metadata type. All drivers are required to have a default
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value for this, so it is optional.</dd>
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</dl><h4><a name="StoragePoolTarget" id="StoragePoolTarget">Target elements</a></h4>
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<dl><dt>path</dt>
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<dd>Provides the location at which the pool will be mapped into
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the local filesystem namespace. For a filesystem/directory based
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pool it will be the name of the directory in which volumes will
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be created. For device based pools it will be the name of the directory in which
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devices nodes exist. For the latter <code>/dev/</code> may seem
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like the logical choice, however, devices nodes there are not
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guaranteed stable across reboots, since they are allocated on
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demand. It is preferable to use a stable location such as one
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of the <code>/dev/disk/by-{path,id,uuid,label</code> locations.
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</dd>
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<dt>permissions<dt>
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</dt></dt><dd>Provides information about the default permissions to use
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when creating volumes. This is currently only useful for directory
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or filesystem based pools, where the volumes allocated are simple
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files. For pools where the volumes are device nodes, the hotplug
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scripts determine permissions. It contains 4 child elements. The
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<code>mode</code> element contains the octal permission set. The
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<code>owner</code> element contains the numeric user ID. The <code>group</code>
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element contains the numeric group ID. The <code>label</code> element
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contains the MAC (eg SELinux) label string.
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</dd>
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</dl><h4><a name="StoragePoolExtents" id="StoragePoolExtents">Device extents</a></h4>
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<p>
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If a storage pool exposes information about its underlying
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placement / allocation scheme, the <code>device</code> element
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within the <code>source</code> element may contain information
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about its available extents. Some pools have a constraint that
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a volume must be allocated entirely within a single constraint
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(eg disk partition pools). Thus the extent information allows an
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application to determine the maximum possible size for a new
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volume
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</p>
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<p>
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For storage pools supporting extent information, within each
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<code>device</code> element there will be zero or more <code>freeExtent</code>
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elements. Each of these elements contains two attributes, <code>start</code>
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and <code>end</code> which provide the boundaries of the extent on the
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device, measured in bytes.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="StorageVol" id="StorageVol">Storage volume XML</a></h3>
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<p>
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A storage volume will be either a file or a device node.
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StorageVolFirst" id="StorageVolFirst">First level elements</a></h4>
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<dl><dt>name</dt>
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<dd>Providing a name for the pool which is unique to the host.
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This is mandatory when defining a pool</dd>
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<dt>uuid</dt>
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<dd>Providing an identifier for the pool which is globally unique.
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This is optional when defining a pool, a UUID will be generated if
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omitted</dd>
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<dt>allocation</dt>
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<dd>Providing the total storage allocation for the volume. This
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may be smaller than the logical capacity if the volume is sparsely
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allocated. It may also be larger than the logical capacity if the
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volume has substantial metadata overhead. This value is in bytes.
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If omitted when creating a volume, the volume will be fully
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allocated at time of creation. If set to a value smaller than the
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capacity, the pool has the <strong>option</strong> of deciding
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to sparsely allocate a volume. It does not have to honour requests
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for sparse allocation though.</dd>
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<dt>capacity</dt>
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<dd>Providing the logical capacity for the volume. This value is
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in bytes. This is compulsory when creating a volume</dd>
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<dt>source</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the underlying storage allocation
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of the volume. This may not be available for some pool types.</dd>
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<dt>target</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the representation of the volume
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on the local host.</dd>
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</dl><h4><a name="StorageVolTarget" id="StorageVolTarget">Target elements</a></h4>
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<dl><dt>path</dt>
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<dd>Provides the location at which the pool will be mapped into
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the local filesystem namespace. For a filesystem/directory based
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pool it will be the name of the directory in which volumes will
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be created. For device based pools it will be the name of the directory in which
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devices nodes exist. For the latter <code>/dev/</code> may seem
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like the logical choice, however, devices nodes there are not
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guaranteed stable across reboots, since they are allocated on
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demand. It is preferrable to use a stable location such as one
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of the <code>/dev/disk/by-{path,id,uuid,label</code> locations.
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</dd>
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<dt>format</dt>
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<dd>Provides information about the pool specific volume format.
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For disk pools it will provide the partition type. For filesystem
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or directory pools it will provide the file format type, eg cow,
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qcow, vmdk, raw. If omitted when creating a volume, the pool's
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default format will be used. The actual format is specified via
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the <code>type</code>. Consult the pool-specific docs for the
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list of valid values.</dd>
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<dt>permissions<dt>
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</dt></dt><dd>Provides information about the default permissions to use
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when creating volumes. This is currently only useful for directory
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or filesystem based pools, where the volumes allocated are simple
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files. For pools where the volumes are device nodes, the hotplug
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scripts determine permissions. It contains 4 child elements. The
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<code>mode</code> element contains the octal permission set. The
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<code>owner</code> element contains the numeric user ID. The <code>group</code>
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element contains the numeric group ID. The <code>label</code> element
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contains the MAC (eg SELinux) label string.
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</dd>
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</dl><h3><a name="StorageBackend" id="StorageBackend">Storage backend drivers</a></h3>
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<p>
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This section illustrates the capabilities / format for each of
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the different backend storage pool drivers
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StorageBackendDir" id="StorageBackendDir">Directory pool</a></h4>
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<p>
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A pool with a type of <code>dir</code> provides the means to manage
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files within a directory. The files can be fully allocated raw files,
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sparsely allocated raw files, or one of the special disk formats
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such as <code>qcow</code>,<code>qcow2</code>,<code>vmdk</code>,
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<code>cow</code>, etc as supported by the <code>qemu-img</code>
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program. If the directory does not exist at the time the pool is
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defined, the <code>build</code> operation can be used to create it.
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</p>
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<h5>Example pool input definition</h5>
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<pre>
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<pool type="dir">
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<name>virtimages</name>
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<target>
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<path>/var/lib/virt/images</path>
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</target>
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</pool>
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</pre>
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<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
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<p>
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The directory pool does not use the pool format type element.
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</p>
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<h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
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<p>
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One of the following options:
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</p>
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<ul><li><code>raw</code>: a plain file</li>
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<li><code>bochs</code>: Bochs disk image format</li>
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<li><code>cloop</code>: compressed loopback disk image format</li>
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<li><code>cow</code>: User Mode Linux disk image format</li>
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<li><code>dmg</code>: Mac disk image format</li>
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<li><code>iso</code>: CDROM disk image format</li>
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<li><code>qcow</code>: QEMU v1 disk image format</li>
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<li><code>qcow2</code>: QEMU v2 disk image format</li>
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<li><code>vmdk</code>: VMWare disk image format</li>
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<li><code>vpc</code>: VirtualPC disk image format</li>
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</ul><p>
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When listing existing volumes all these formats are supported
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natively. When creating new volumes, only a subset may be
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available. The <code>raw</code> type is guaranteed always
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available. The <code>qcow2</code> type can be created if
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either <code>qemu-img</code> or <code>qcow-create</code> tools
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are present. The others are dependent on support of the
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<code>qemu-img</code> tool.
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</p><h4><a name="StorageBackendFS" id="StorageBackendFS">Filesystem pool</a></h4>
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<p>
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This is a variant of the directory pool. Instead of creating a
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directory on an existing mounted filesystem though, it expects
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a source block device to be named. This block device will be
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mounted and files managed in the directory of its mount point.
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It will default to allowing the kernel to automatically discover
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the filesystem type, though it can be specified manually if
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required.
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</p>
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<h5>Example pool input</h5>
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<pre>
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<pool type="fs">
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<name>virtimages</name>
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<source>
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<device path="/dev/VolGroup00/VirtImages"/>
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</source>
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<target>
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<path>/var/lib/virt/images</path>
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</target>
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</pool>
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</pre>
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<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
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<p>
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The filesystem pool supports the following formats:
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</p>
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<ul><li><code>auto</code> - automatically determine format</li>
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<li><code>ext2</code></li>
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<li><code>ext3</code></li>
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<li><code>ext4</code></li>
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<li><code>ufs</code></li>
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<li><code>iso9660</code></li>
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<li><code>udf</code></li>
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<li><code>gfs</code></li>
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<li><code>gfs2</code></li>
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<li><code>vfat</code></li>
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<li><code>hfs+</code></li>
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<li><code>xfs</code></li>
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</ul><h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
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<p>
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The valid volume types are the same as for the <code>directory</code>
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pool type.
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StorageBackendNetFS" id="StorageBackendNetFS">Network filesystem pool</a></h4>
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<p>
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This is a variant of the filesystem pool. Instead of requiring
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a local block device as the source, it requires the name of a
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host and path of an exported directory. It will mount this network
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filesystem and manage files within the directory of its mount
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point. It will default to using NFS as the protocol.
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</p>
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<h5>Example pool input</h5>
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<pre>
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<pool type="netfs">
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<name>virtimages</name>
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<source>
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<host name="nfs.example.com"/>
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<dir path="/var/lib/virt/images"/>
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</source>
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<target>
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<path>/var/lib/virt/images</path>
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</target>
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</pool>
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</pre>
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<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
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<p>
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The network filesystem pool supports the following formats:
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</p>
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<ul><li><code>auto</code> - automatically determine format</li>
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<li><code>nfs</code></li>
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</ul><h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
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<p>
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The valid volume types are the same as for the <code>directory</code>
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pool type.
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StorageBackendLogical" id="StorageBackendLogical">Logical volume pools</a></h4>
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<p>
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This provides a pool based on an LVM volume group. For a
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pre-defined LVM volume group, simply providing the group
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name is sufficient, while to build a new group requires
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providing a list of source devices to serve as physical
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volumes. Volumes will be allocated by carving out chunks
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of storage from the volume group.
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</p>
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<h5>Example pool input</h5>
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<pre>
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<pool type="logical">
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<name>HostVG</name>
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<source>
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<device path="/dev/sda1"/>
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<device path="/dev/sdb1"/>
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<device path="/dev/sdc1"/>
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</source>
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<target>
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<path>/dev/HostVG</path>
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</target>
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</pool>
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</pre>
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<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
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<p>
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The logical volume pool does not use the pool format type element.
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</p>
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<h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
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<p>
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The logical volume pool does not use the volume format type element.
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</p>
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<h4><a name="StorageBackendDisk" id="StorageBackendDisk">Disk volume pools</a></h4>
|
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<p>
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This provides a pool based on a physical disk. Volumes are created
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by adding partitions to the disk. Disk pools are have constraints
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on the size and placement of volumes. The 'free extents'
|
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information will detail the regions which are available for creating
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new volumes. A volume cannot span across 2 different free extents.
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</p>
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<h5>Example pool input</h5>
|
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<pre>
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<pool type="disk">
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<name>sda</name>
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<source>
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<device path='/dev/sda'/>
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</source>
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<target>
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<path>/dev</path>
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</target>
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</pool>
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</pre>
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<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
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<p>
|
|
The disk volume pool accepts the following pool format types, representing
|
|
the common partition table types:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul><li><code>dos</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>dvh</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>gpt</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>mac</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>bsd</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>pc98</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>sun</code></li>
|
|
</ul><p>
|
|
The <code>dos</code> or <code>gpt</code> formats are recommended for
|
|
best portability - the latter is needed for disks larger than 2TB.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The disk volume pool accepts the following volume format types, representing
|
|
the common partition entry types:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul><li><code>none</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>linux</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>fat16</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>fat32</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>linux-swap</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>linux-lvm</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>linux-raid</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>extended</code></li>
|
|
</ul><h4><a name="StorageBackendISCSI" id="StorageBackendISCSI">iSCSI volume pools</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
This provides a pool based on an iSCSI target. Volumes must be
|
|
pre-allocated on the iSCSI server, and cannot be created via
|
|
the libvirt APIs. Since /dev/XXX names may change each time libvirt
|
|
logs into the iSCSI target, it is recommended to configure the pool
|
|
to use <code>/dev/disk/by-path</code> or <code>/dev/disk/by-id</code>
|
|
for the target path. These provide persistent stable naming for LUNs
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h5>Example pool input</h5>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<pool type="iscsi">
|
|
<name>virtimages</name>
|
|
<source>
|
|
<host name="iscsi.example.com"/>
|
|
<device path="demo-target"/>
|
|
</source>
|
|
<target>
|
|
<path>/dev/disk/by-path</path>
|
|
</target>
|
|
</pool>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h5>Valid pool format types</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The logical volume pool does not use the pool format type element.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h5>Valid volume format types</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The logical volume pool does not use the volume format type element.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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