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Each <domainsnapshot> can now contain an optional <memory> element that describes how the VM state was handled, similar to disk snapshots. The new element will always appear in output; for back-compat, an input that lacks the element will assume 'no' or 'internal' according to the domain state. Along with this change, it is now possible to pass <disks> in the XML for an offline snapshot; this also needs to be wired up in a future patch, to make it possible to choose internal vs. external on a per-disk basis for each disk in an offline domain. At that point, using the --disk-only flag for an offline domain will be able to work. For some examples below, remember that qemu supports the following snapshot actions: qemu-img: offline external and internal disk savevm: online internal VM and disk migrate: online external VM transaction: online external disk ===== <domainsnapshot> <memory snapshot='no'/> ... </domainsnapshot> implies that there is no VM state saved (mandatory for offline and disk-only snapshots, not possible otherwise); using qemu-img for offline domains and transaction for online. ===== <domainsnapshot> <memory snapshot='internal'/> ... </domainsnapshot> state is saved inside one of the disks (as in qemu's 'savevm' system checkpoint implementation). If needed in the future, we can also add an attribute pointing out _which_ disk saved the internal state; maybe disk='vda'. ===== <domainsnapshot> <memory snapshot='external' file='/path/to/state'/> ... </domainsnapshot> This is not wired up yet, but future patches will allow this to control a combination of 'virsh save /path/to/state' plus disk snapshots from the same point in time. ===== So for 1.0.1 (and later, as needed), I plan to implement this table of combinations, with '*' designating new code and '+' designating existing code reached through new combinations of xml and/or the existing DISK_ONLY flag: domain memory disk disk-only | result ----------------------------------------- offline omit omit any | memory=no disk=int, via qemu-img offline no omit any |+memory=no disk=int, via qemu-img offline omit/no no any | invalid combination (nothing to snapshot) offline omit/no int any |+memory=no disk=int, via qemu-img offline omit/no ext any |*memory=no disk=ext, via qemu-img offline int/ext any any | invalid combination (no memory to save) online omit omit off | memory=int disk=int, via savevm online omit omit on | memory=no disk=default, via transaction online omit no/ext off | unsupported for now online omit no on | invalid combination (nothing to snapshot) online omit ext on | memory=no disk=ext, via transaction online omit int off |+memory=int disk=int, via savevm online omit int on | unsupported for now online no omit any |+memory=no disk=default, via transaction online no no any | invalid combination (nothing to snapshot) online no int any | unsupported for now online no ext any |+memory=no disk=ext, via transaction online int/ext any on | invalid combination (disk-only vs. memory) online int omit off |+memory=int disk=int, via savevm online int no/ext off | unsupported for now online int int off |+memory=int disk=int, via savevm online ext omit off |*memory=ext disk=default, via migrate+trans online ext no off |+memory=ext disk=no, via migrate online ext int off | unsupported for now online ext ext off |*memory=ext disk=ext, via migrate+transaction * docs/schemas/domainsnapshot.rng (memory): New RNG element. * docs/formatsnapshot.html.in: Document it. * src/conf/snapshot_conf.h (virDomainSnapshotDef): New fields. * src/conf/domain_conf.c (virDomainSnapshotDefFree) (virDomainSnapshotDefParseString, virDomainSnapshotDefFormat): Manage new fields. * tests/domainsnapshotxml2xmltest.c: New test. * tests/domainsnapshotxml2xmlin/*.xml: Update existing tests. * tests/domainsnapshotxml2xmlout/*.xml: Likewise.
295 lines
14 KiB
HTML
295 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<body>
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<h1>Snapshot XML format</h1>
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<ul id="toc"></ul>
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<h2><a name="SnapshotAttributes">Snapshot XML</a></h2>
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<p>
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There are several types of snapshots:
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>disk snapshot</dt>
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<dd>Contents of disks (whether a subset or all disks associated
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with the domain) are saved at a given point of time, and can
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be restored back to that state. On a running guest, a disk
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snapshot is likely to be only crash-consistent rather than
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clean (that is, it represents the state of the disk on a
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sudden power outage, and may need fsck or journal replays to
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be made consistent); on an inactive guest, a disk snapshot is
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clean if the disks were clean when the guest was last shut
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down. Disk snapshots exist in two forms: internal (file
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formats such as qcow2 track both the snapshot and changes
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since the snapshot in a single file) and external (the
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snapshot is one file, and the changes since the snapshot are
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in another file).</dd>
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<dt>memory state (or VM state)</dt>
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<dd>Tracks only the state of RAM and all other resources in use
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by the VM. If the disks are unmodified between the time a VM
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state snapshot is taken and restored, then the guest will
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resume in a consistent state; but if the disks are modified
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externally in the meantime, this is likely to lead to data
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corruption.</dd>
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<dt>system checkpoint</dt>
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<dd>A combination of disk snapshots for all disks as well as VM
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memory state, which can be used to resume the guest from where it
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left off with symptoms similar to hibernation (that is, TCP
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connections in the guest may have timed out, but no files or
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processes are lost).</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Libvirt can manage all three types of snapshots. For now, VM
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state (memory) snapshots are created only by
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the <code>virDomainSave()</code>, <code>virDomainSaveFlags</code>,
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and <code>virDomainManagedSave()</code> functions, and restored
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via the <code>virDomainRestore()</code>,
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<code>virDomainRestoreFlags()</code>, <code>virDomainCreate()</code>,
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and <code>virDomainCreateWithFlags()</code> functions (as well
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as via domain autostart). With managed snapshots, libvirt
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tracks all information internally; with save images, the user
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tracks the snapshot file, but libvirt provides functions such
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as <code>virDomainSaveImageGetXMLDesc()</code> to work with
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those files.
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</p>
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<p>System checkpoints are created
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by <code>virDomainSnapshotCreateXML()</code> with no flags, and
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disk snapshots are created by the same function with
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the <code>VIR_DOMAIN_SNAPSHOT_CREATE_DISK_ONLY</code> flag; in
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both cases, they are restored by
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the <code>virDomainRevertToSnapshot()</code> function. For
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these types of snapshots, libvirt tracks each snapshot as a
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separate <code>virDomainSnapshotPtr</code> object, and maintains
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a tree relationship of which snapshots descended from an earlier
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point in time.
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</p>
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<p>
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Attributes of libvirt snapshots are stored as child elements of
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the <code>domainsnapshot</code> element. At snapshot creation
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time, normally only the <code>name</code>, <code>description</code>,
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and <code>disks</code> elements are settable; the rest of the
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fields are ignored on creation, and will be filled in by
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libvirt in for informational purposes
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by <code>virDomainSnapshotGetXMLDesc()</code>. However, when
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redefining a snapshot (<span class="since">since 0.9.5</span>),
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with the <code>VIR_DOMAIN_SNAPSHOT_CREATE_REDEFINE</code> flag
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of <code>virDomainSnapshotCreateXML()</code>, all of the XML
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described here is relevant.
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</p>
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<p>
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Snapshots are maintained in a hierarchy. A domain can have a
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current snapshot, which is the most recent snapshot compared to
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the current state of the domain (although a domain might have
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snapshots without a current snapshot, if snapshots have been
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deleted in the meantime). Creating or reverting to a snapshot
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sets that snapshot as current, and the prior current snapshot is
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the parent of the new snapshot. Branches in the hierarchy can
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be formed by reverting to a snapshot with a child, then creating
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another snapshot.
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</p>
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<p>
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The top-level <code>domainsnapshot</code> element may contain
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the following elements:
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>name</code></dt>
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<dd>The name for this snapshot. If the name is specified when
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initially creating the snapshot, then the snapshot will have
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that particular name. If the name is omitted when initially
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creating the snapshot, then libvirt will make up a name for
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the snapshot, based on the time when it was created.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>description</code></dt>
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<dd>A human-readable description of the snapshot. If the
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description is omitted when initially creating the snapshot,
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then this field will be empty.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>memory</code></dt>
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<dd>On input, this is an optional request for how to handle VM
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memory state. For an offline domain or a disk-only snapshot,
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attribute <code>snapshot</code> must be <code>no</code>, since
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there is no VM state saved; otherwise, the attribute can
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be <code>internal</code> if the memory state is piggy-backed with
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other internal disk state, or <code>external</code> along with
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a second attribute <code>file</code> giving the absolute path
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of the file holding the VM memory state. <span class="since">Since
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1.0.1</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>disks</code></dt>
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<dd>On input, this is an optional listing of specific
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instructions for disk snapshots; it is needed when making a
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snapshot of only a subset of the disks associated with a
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domain, or when overriding the domain defaults for how to
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snapshot each disk, or for providing specific control over
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what file name is created in an external snapshot. On output,
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this is fully populated to show the state of each disk in the
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snapshot, including any properties that were generated by the
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hypervisor defaults. For system checkpoints, this field is
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ignored on input and omitted on output (a system checkpoint
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implies that all disks participate in the snapshot process,
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and since the current implementation only does internal system
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checkpoints, there are no extra details to add); a future
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release may allow the use of <code>disks</code> with a system
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checkpoint. This element has a list of <code>disk</code>
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sub-elements, describing anywhere from zero to all of the
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disks associated with the domain. <span class="since">Since
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0.9.5</span>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>disk</code></dt>
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<dd>This sub-element describes the snapshot properties of a
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specific disk. The attribute <code>name</code> is
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mandatory, and must match either the <code><target
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dev='name'/></code> or an unambiguous <code><source
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file='name'/></code> of one of
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the <a href="formatdomain.html#elementsDisks">disk
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devices</a> specified for the domain at the time of the
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snapshot. The attribute <code>snapshot</code> is
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optional, and has the same values of the disk device
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element for a domain
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(<code>no</code>, <code>internal</code>,
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or <code>external</code>). Some hypervisors like ESX
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require that if specified, the snapshot mode must not
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override any snapshot mode attached to the corresponding
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domain disk, while others like qemu allow this field to
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override the domain default. If the snapshot mode is
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external (whether specified or inherited), then there is
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an optional sub-element <code>source</code>, with an
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attribute <code>file</code> giving the name, and an
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optional sub-element <code>driver</code>, with an
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attribute <code>type</code> giving the driver type (such
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as qcow2), of the new file created by the external
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snapshot of the new file. If <code>source</code> is not
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given, a file name is generated that consists of the
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existing file name with anything after the trailing dot
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replaced by the snapshot name. Remember that with external
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snapshots, the original file name becomes the read-only
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snapshot, and the new file name contains the read-write
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delta of all disk changes since the snapshot.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>creationTime</code></dt>
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<dd>The time this snapshot was created. The time is specified
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in seconds since the Epoch, UTC (i.e. Unix time). Readonly.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>state</code></dt>
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<dd>The state of the domain at the time this snapshot was taken.
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If the snapshot was created as a system checkpoint, then this
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is the state of the domain at that time; when the domain is
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reverted to this snapshot, the domain's state will default to
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whatever is in this field unless additional flags are passed
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to <code>virDomainRevertToSnapshot()</code>. Additionally,
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this field can be the value "disk-snapshot"
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(<span class="since">since 0.9.5</span>) when it represents
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only a disk snapshot (no VM memory state), and reverting to this
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snapshot will default to an inactive guest. Readonly.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>parent</code></dt>
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<dd>The parent of this snapshot. If present, this element
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contains exactly one child element, name. This specifies the
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name of the parent snapshot of this snapshot, and is used to
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represent trees of snapshots. Readonly.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>domain</code></dt>
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<dd>The domain that this snapshot was taken against. Older
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versions of libvirt stored only a single child element, uuid;
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reverting to a snapshot like this is risky if the current
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state of the domain differs from the state that the domain was
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created in, and requires the use of the
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<code>VIR_DOMAIN_SNAPSHOT_REVERT_FORCE</code> flag
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in <code>virDomainRevertToSnapshot()</code>. Newer versions
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of libvirt (<span class="since">since 0.9.5</span>) store the entire
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inactive <a href="formatdomain.html">domain configuration</a>
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at the time of the snapshot (<span class="since">since
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0.9.5</span>). Readonly.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2><a name="example">Examples</a></h2>
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<p>Using this XML to create a disk snapshot of just vda on a qemu
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domain with two disks:</p>
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<pre>
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<domainsnapshot>
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<description>Snapshot of OS install and updates</description>
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<disks>
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<disk name='/path/to/old'>
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<source file='/path/to/new'/>
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</disk>
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<disk name='vdb' snapshot='no'/>
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</disks>
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</domainsnapshot></pre>
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<p>will result in XML similar to this from
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<code>virDomainSnapshotGetXMLDesc()</code>:</p>
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<pre>
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<domainsnapshot>
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<name>1270477159</name>
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<description>Snapshot of OS install and updates</description>
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<state>running</state>
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<creationTime>1270477159</creationTime>
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<parent>
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<name>bare-os-install</name>
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</parent>
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<memory snapshot='no'/>
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<disks>
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<disk name='vda' snapshot='external'>
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<driver type='qcow2'/>
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<b><source file='/path/to/new'/></b>
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</disk>
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<disk name='vdb' snapshot='no'/>
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</disks>
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<domain>
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<name>fedora</name>
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<uuid>93a5c045-6457-2c09-e56c-927cdf34e178</uuid>
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<memory>1048576</memory>
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...
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
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<b><source file='/path/to/old'/></b>
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<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='disk' snapshot='external'>
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<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/old2'/>
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<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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...
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</domainsnapshot></pre>
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<p>With that snapshot created, <code>/path/to/old</code> is the
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read-only backing file to the new active
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file <code>/path/to/new</code>. The <code><domain></code>
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element within the snapshot xml records the state of the domain
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just before the snapshot; a call
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to <code>virDomainGetXMLDesc()</code> will show that the domain
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has been changed to reflect the snapshot:
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</p>
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<pre>
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<domain>
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<name>fedora</name>
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<uuid>93a5c045-6457-2c09-e56c-927cdf34e178</uuid>
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<memory>1048576</memory>
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...
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
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<b><source file='/path/to/new'/></b>
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<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='disk' snapshot='external'>
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<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/old2'/>
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<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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...
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</devices>
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</domain></pre>
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</body>
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</html>
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