In practical terms, passt doesn't benefit from the additional
protection offered by the AGPL over the GPL, because it's not
suitable to be executed over a computer network.
Further, restricting the distribution under the version 3 of the GPL
wouldn't provide any practical advantage either, as long as the passt
codebase is concerned, and might cause unnecessary compatibility
dilemmas.
Change licensing terms to the GNU General Public License Version 2,
or any later version, with written permission from all current and
past contributors, namely: myself, David Gibson, Laine Stump, Andrea
Bolognani, Paul Holzinger, Richard W.M. Jones, Chris Kuhn, Florian
Weimer, Giuseppe Scrivano, Stefan Hajnoczi, and Vasiliy Ulyanov.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
While building against musl, gcc informs us that 'stderr' is a
protected keyword. This probably comes from a #define stderr (stderr)
in musl's stdio.h, to avoid a clash with extern FILE *const stderr,
but I didn't really track it down. Just rename it to force_stderr, it
makes more sense.
[sbrivio: Added commit message]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
I didn't notice earlier: libslirp (and slirp4netns) supports binding
outbound sockets to specific IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, to force the
source addresse selection. If we want to claim feature parity, we
should implement that as well.
Further, Podman supports specifying outbound interfaces as well, but
this is simply done by resolving the primary address for an interface
when the network back-end is started. However, since kernel version
5.7, commit c427bfec18f2 ("net: core: enable SO_BINDTODEVICE for
non-root users"), we can actually bind to a specific interface name,
which doesn't need to be validated in advance.
Implement -o / --outbound ADDR to bind to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
and --outbound-if4 and --outbound-if6 to bind IPv4 and IPv6 sockets
to given interfaces.
Given that it probably makes little sense to select addresses and
routes from interfaces different than the ones given for outbound
sockets, also assign those as "template" interfaces, by default,
unless explicitly overridden by '-i'.
For ICMP and UDP, we call sock_l4() to open outbound sockets, as we
already needed to bind to given ports or echo identifiers, and we
can bind() a socket only once: there, pass address (if any) and
interface (if any) for the existing bind() and setsockopt() calls.
For TCP, in general, we wouldn't otherwise bind sockets. Add a
specific helper to do that.
For UDP outbound sockets, we need to know if the final destination
of the socket is a loopback address, before we decide whether it
makes sense to bind the socket at all: move the block mangling the
address destination before the creation of the socket in the IPv4
path. This was already the case for the IPv6 path.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
In preparation for the next patch, make it clear that the first
routable interface fetched via netlink, or the one configured via
-i/--interface, is simply used as template to copy addresses and
routes, not an interface we actually use to derive the source address
(which will be _bound to_) for outgoing packets.
The man page and usage message appear to be already clear enough.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
...and, given that I keep getting this wrong, add a convenience
macro, MAX_FROM_BITS().
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
The @splice field in union udp_epoll_ref can have a number of values for
different types of "spliced" packet flows. Split it into several single
bit fields with more or less independent meanings. The new @splice field
is just a boolean indicating whether the socket is associated with a
spliced flow, making it identical to the @splice fiend in tcp_epoll_ref.
The new bit @orig, indicates whether this is a socket which can originate
new udp packet flows (created with -u or -U) or a socket created on the
fly to handle reply socket. @ns indicates whether the socket lives in the
init namespace or the pasta namespace.
Making these bits more orthogonal to each other will simplify some future
cleanups.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This passes a fully connected stream socket to passt.
Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
[sbrivio: reuse fd_tap instead of adding a new descriptor,
imply --one-off on --fd, add to optstring and usage()]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Given that we use just the first valid DNS resolver address
configured, or read from resolv.conf(5) on the host, to forward DNS
queries to, in case --dns-forward is used, we don't need to duplicate
dns[] to dns_send[]:
- rename dns_send[] back to dns[]: those are the resolvers we
advertise to the guest/container
- for forwarding purposes, instead of dns[], use a single field (for
each protocol version): dns_host
- and rename dns_fwd to dns_match, so that it's clear this is the
address we are matching DNS queries against, to decide if they need
to be forwarded
Suggested-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
With --dns-forward, if the host has a loopback address configured as
DNS server, we should actually use it to forward queries, but, if
--no-map-gw is passed, we shouldn't offer the same address via DHCP,
NDP and DHCPv6, because it's not going to be reachable.
Problematic configuration:
* systemd-resolved configuring the usual 127.0.0.53 on the host: we
read that from /etc/resolv.conf
* --dns-forward specified with an unrelated address, for example
198.51.100.1
We still want to forward queries to 127.0.0.53, if we receive one
directed to 198.51.100.1, so we can't drop 127.0.0.53 from our list:
we want to use it for forwarding. At the same time, we shouldn't
offer 127.0.0.53 to the guest or container either.
With this change, I'm only covering the case of automatically
configured DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf. We could extend this to
addresses configured with command-line options, but I don't really
see a likely use case at this point.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
We recently corrected some errors handling the endianness of IPv4
addresses. These are very easy errors to make since although we mostly
store them in network endianness, we sometimes need to manipulate them in
host endianness.
To reduce the chances of making such mistakes again, change to always using
a (struct in_addr) instead of a bare in_addr_t or uint32_t to store network
endian addresses. This makes it harder to accidentally do arithmetic or
comparisons on such addresses as if they were host endian.
We introduce a number of IN4_IS_ADDR_*() helpers to make it easier to
directly work with struct in_addr values. This has the additional benefit
of making the IPv4 and IPv6 paths more visually similar.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
There are several minor problems with our parsing of IPv4 netmasks (-n).
First, we don't reject nonsensical netmasks like 0.255.0.255. Address this
structurally by using prefix length instead of netmask as the primary
variable, only converting (and validating) when we need to. This has the
added benefit of making some things more uniform with the IPv6 path.
Second, when the user specifies a prefix length, we truncate the output
from strtol() to an integer, which means we would treat -n 4294967320 as
valid (equivalent to 24). Fix types to check for this.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This is practical to avoid explicit lifecycle management in users,
e.g. libvirtd, and is trivial to implement.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This saves some hassle when including passt.h, as we need ETH_ALEN
there.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
enum conf_port_type is local to conf.c and is used to track the port
forwarding mode during configuration. We don't keep it around in the
context structure, however the 'init_detect_ports' and 'ns_detect_ports'
fields in the context are based solely on this. Rather than changing
encoding, just include the forwarding mode into the context structure.
Move the type definition to a new port_fwd.h, which is kind of trivial at
the moment but will have more stuff later.
While we're there, "conf_port_type" doesn't really convey that this enum is
describing how port forwarding is configured. Rename it to port_fwd_mode.
The variables (now fields) of this type also have mildly confusing names
since it's not immediately obvious whether 'ns' and 'init' refer to the
source or destination of the packets. Use "in" (host to guest / init to
ns) and "out" (guest to host / ns to init) instead.
This has the added bonus that we no longer have locals 'udp_init' and
'tcp_init' which shadow global functions.
In addition, add a typedef 'port_fwd_map' for a bitmap of each port number,
which is used in several places.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
passt/pasta can interact with user namespaces in a number of ways:
1) With --netns-only we'll remain in our original user namespace
2) With --userns or a PID option to pasta we'll join either the given
user namespace or that of the PID
3) When pasta spawns a shell or command we'll start a new user namespace
for the command and then join it
4) With passt we'll create a new user namespace when we sandbox()
ourself
However (3) and (4) turn out to have essentially the same effect. In both
cases we create one new user namespace. The spawned command starts there,
and passt/pasta itself will live there from sandbox() onwards.
Because of this, we can simplify user namespace handling by moving the
userns handling earlier, to the same point we drop root in the original
namespace. Extend the drop_user() function to isolate_user() which does
both.
After switching UID and GID in the original userns, isolate_user() will
either join or create the userns we require. When we spawn a command with
pasta_start_ns()/pasta_setup_ns() we no longer need to create a userns,
because we're already made one. sandbox() likewise no longer needs to
create (or join) an userns because we're already in the one we need.
We no longer need c->pasta_userns_fd, since the fd is only used locally
in isolate_user(). Likewise we can replace c->netns_only with a local
in conf(), since it's not used outside there.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
c->uid and c->gid are first set in conf(), and last used in check_root()
itself called from conf(). Therefore these don't need to be fields in the
long lived context structure and can instead be locals in conf().
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
The context structure contains a batch of fields specific to IPv4 and to
IPv6 connectivity. Split those out into a sub-structure.
This allows the conf_ip4() and conf_ip6() functions, which take the
entire context but touch very little of it, to be given more specific
parameters, making it clearer what it affects without stepping through the
code.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
After recent changes, conf_ip() now has essentially entirely disjoint paths
for IPv4 and IPv6 configuration. So, it's cleaner to split them out into
different functions conf_ip4() and conf_ip6().
Splitting these out also lets us make the interface a bit nicer, having
them return success or failure directly, rather than manipulating c->v4
and c->v6 to indicate success/failure of the two versions.
Since these functions may also initialize the interface index for each
protocol, it turns out we can then drop c->v4 and c->v6 entirely, replacing
tests on those with tests on whether c->ifi4 or c->ifi6 is non-zero (since
a 0 interface index is never valid).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
[sbrivio: Whitespace fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
It's quite plausible for a host to have both IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity,
but only via different interfaces. For example, this will happen in the
case that IPv6 connectivity is via a tunnel (e.g. 6in4 or 6rd). It would
also happen in the case that IPv4 access is via a tunnel on an otherwise
IPv6 only local network, which is a setup that might become more common in
the post IPv4 address exhaustion world.
In turns out there's no real need for passt/pasta to get its IPv4 and IPv6
connectivity via the same interface, so we can handle this situation fairly
easily. Change the core to allow eparate external interfaces for IPv4 and
IPv6. We don't actually set these separately for now.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
On some systems, user and group "nobody" might not be available. The
new --runas option allows to override the default "nobody" choice if
started as root.
Now that we allow this, drop the initgroups() call that was used to
add any additional groups for the given user, as that might now
grant unnecessarily broad permissions. For instance, several
distributions have a "kvm" group to allow regular user access to
/dev/kvm, and we don't need that in passt or pasta.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The existing sizes provide no measurable differences in throughput
and packet rates at this point. They were probably needed as batched
implementations were not complete, but they can be decreased quite a
bit now.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Implement a packet abstraction providing boundary and size checks
based on packet descriptors: packets stored in a buffer can be queued
into a pool (without storage of its own), and data can be retrieved
referring to an index in the pool, specifying offset and length.
Checks ensure data is not read outside the boundaries of buffer and
descriptors, and that packets added to a pool are within the buffer
range with valid offset and indices.
This implies a wider rework: usage of the "queueing" part of the
abstraction mostly affects tap_handler_{passt,pasta}() functions and
their callees, while the "fetching" part affects all the guest or tap
facing implementations: TCP, UDP, ICMP, ARP, NDP, DHCP and DHCPv6
handlers.
Suggested-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
We can't take for granted that the hard limit for open files is
big enough as to allow to delay closing sockets to a timer.
Store the value of RTLIMIT_NOFILE we set at start, and use it to
understand if we're approaching the limit with pending, spliced
TCP connections. If that's the case, close sockets right away as
soon as they're not needed, instead of deferring this task to a
timer.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This should never happen, but there are no formal guarantees: ensure
socket numbers are below SOCKET_MAX.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
--debug can be a bit too noisy, especially as single packets or
socket messages are logged: implement a new option, --trace,
implying --debug, that enables all debug messages.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This should be convenient for users managing filesystem-bound network
namespaces: monitor the base directory of the namespace and exit if
the namespace given as PATH or NAME target is deleted. We can't add
an inotify watch directly on the namespace directory, that won't work
with nsfs.
Add an option to disable this behaviour, --no-netns-quit.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
For compatibility with libslirp/slirp4netns users: introduce a
mechanism to map, in the UDP routines, an address facing guest or
namespace to the first IPv4 or IPv6 address resulting from
configuration as resolver. This can be enabled with the new
--dns-forward option.
This implies that sourcing and using DNS addresses and search lists,
passed via command line or read from /etc/resolv.conf, is not bound
anymore to DHCP/DHCPv6/NDP usage: for example, pasta users might just
want to use addresses from /etc/resolv.conf as mapping target, while
not passing DNS options via DHCP.
Reflect this in all the involved code paths by differentiating
DHCP/DHCPv6/NDP usage from DNS configuration per se, and in the new
options --dhcp-dns, --dhcp-search for pasta, and --no-dhcp-dns,
--no-dhcp-search for passt.
This should be the last bit to enable substantial compatibility
between slirp4netns.sh and slirp4netns(1): pass the --dns-forward
option from the script too.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
To reach (at least) a conceptually equivalent security level as
implemented by --enable-sandbox in slirp4netns, we need to create a
new mount namespace and pivot_root() into a new (empty) mountpoint, so
that passt and pasta can't access any filesystem resource after
initialisation.
While at it, also detach IPC, PID (only for passt, to prevent
vulnerabilities based on the knowledge of a target PID), and UTS
namespaces.
With this approach, if we apply the seccomp filters right after the
configuration step, the number of allowed syscalls grows further. To
prevent this, defer the application of seccomp policies after the
initialisation phase, before the main loop, that's where we expect bad
things to happen, potentially. This way, we get back to 22 allowed
syscalls for passt and 34 for pasta, on x86_64.
While at it, move #syscalls notes to specific code paths wherever it
conceptually makes sense.
We have to open all the file handles we'll ever need before
sandboxing:
- the packet capture file can only be opened once, drop instance
numbers from the default path and use the (pre-sandbox) PID instead
- /proc/net/tcp{,v6} and /proc/net/udp{,v6}, for automatic detection
of bound ports in pasta mode, are now opened only once, before
sandboxing, and their handles are stored in the execution context
- the UNIX domain socket for passt is also bound only once, before
sandboxing: to reject clients after the first one, instead of
closing the listening socket, keep it open, accept and immediately
discard new connection if we already have a valid one
Clarify the (unchanged) behaviour for --netns-only in the man page.
To actually make passt and pasta processes run in a separate PID
namespace, we need to unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) before forking to
background (if configured to do so). Introduce a small daemon()
implementation, __daemon(), that additionally saves the PID file
before forking. While running in foreground, the process itself can't
move to a new PID namespace (a process can't change the notion of its
own PID): mention that in the man page.
For some reason, fork() in a detached PID namespace causes SIGTERM
and SIGQUIT to be ignored, even if the handler is still reported as
SIG_DFL: add a signal handler that just exits.
We can now drop most of the pasta_child_handler() implementation,
that took care of terminating all processes running in the same
namespace, if pasta started a shell: the shell itself is now the
init process in that namespace, and all children will terminate
once the init process exits.
Issuing 'echo $$' in a detached PID namespace won't return the
actual namespace PID as seen from the init namespace: adapt
demo and test setup scripts to reflect that.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Bitmap manipulating functions would otherwise refer to inconsistent
sets of bits on big-endian architectures. While at it, fix up a
couple of casts.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
...mostly false positives, but a number of very relevant ones too,
in tcp_get_sndbuf(), tcp_conn_from_tap(), and siphash PREAMBLE().
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Unions and structs, you all have names now.
Take the chance to enable bugprone-reserved-identifier,
cert-dcl37-c, and cert-dcl51-cpp checkers in clang-tidy.
Provide a ffsl() weak declaration using gcc built-in.
Start reordering includes, but that's not enough for the
llvm-include-order checker yet.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
SPDX tags don't replace license files. Some notices were missing and
some tags were not according to the SPDX specification, too.
Now reuse --lint from the REUSE tool (https://reuse.software/) passes.
Reported-by: Martin Hauke <mardnh@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Move netlink routines to their own file, and use netlink to configure
or fetch all the information we need, except for the TUNSETIFF ioctl.
Move pasta-specific functions to their own file as well, add
parameters and calls to configure the tap interface in the namespace.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
getifaddrs() needs to allocate heap memory, and gets a ton of results
we don't need. Use explicit netlink messages with "strict checking"
instead.
While at it, separate L2/L3 address handling, so that we don't fetch
MAC addresses for IPv6, and also use netlink instead of ioctl() to
get the MAC address.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Based on a patch from Giuseppe Scrivano, this adds the ability to:
- specify paths and names of target namespaces to join, instead of
a PID, also for user namespaces, with --userns
- request to join or create a network namespace only, without
entering or creating a user namespace, with --netns-only
- specify the base directory for netns mountpoints, with --nsrun-dir
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
[sbrivio: reworked logic to actually join the given namespaces when
they're not created, implemented --netns-only and --nsrun-dir,
updated pasta demo script and man page]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Until now, messages would be passed to protocol handlers in a single
batch only if they happened to be dequeued in a row. Packets
interleaved between different connections would result in multiple
calls to the same protocol handler for a single connection.
Instead, keep track of incoming packet descriptors, arrange them in
sequences, and call protocol handlers only as we completely sorted
input messages in batches.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
If transparent huge pages are available, madvise() will do the trick.
While at it, decrease EPOLL_EVENTS for the main loop from 10 to 8,
for slightly better socket fairness.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
...boom. To make it slightly more reasonable, shrink struct tap_msg
down a bit, and move the main message array away from the stack of
tap_handler_passt().
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Packets are received directly onto pre-cooked, static buffers
for IPv4 (with partial checksum pre-calculation) and IPv6 frames,
with pre-filled Ethernet addresses and, partially, IP headers,
and sent out from the same buffers with sendmmsg(), for both
passt and pasta (non-local traffic only) modes.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
PASTA (Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction) provides quasi-native host
connectivity to an otherwise disconnected, unprivileged network
and user namespace, similarly to slirp4netns. Given that the
implementation is largely overlapping with PASST, no separate binary
is built: 'pasta' (and 'passt4netns' for clarity) both link to
'passt', and the mode of operation is selected depending on how the
binary is invoked. Usage example:
$ unshare -rUn
# echo $$
1871759
$ ./pasta 1871759 # From another terminal
# udhcpc -i pasta0 2>/dev/null
# ping -c1 pasta.pizza
PING pasta.pizza (64.190.62.111) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 64.190.62.111 (64.190.62.111): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=34.6 ms
--- pasta.pizza ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 34.575/34.575/34.575/0.000 ms
# ping -c1 spaghetti.pizza
PING spaghetti.pizza(2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=29.0 ms
--- spaghetti.pizza ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.967/28.967/28.967/0.000 ms
This entails a major rework, especially with regard to the storage of
tracked connections and to the semantics of epoll(7) references.
Indexing TCP and UDP bindings merely by socket proved to be
inflexible and unsuitable to handle different connection flows: pasta
also provides Layer-2 to Layer-2 socket mapping between init and a
separate namespace for local connections, using a pair of splice()
system calls for TCP, and a recvmmsg()/sendmmsg() pair for UDP local
bindings. For instance, building on the previous example:
# ip link set dev lo up
# iperf3 -s
$ iperf3 -c ::1 -Z -w 32M -l 1024k -P2 | tail -n4
[SUM] 0.00-10.00 sec 52.3 GBytes 44.9 Gbits/sec 283 sender
[SUM] 0.00-10.43 sec 52.3 GBytes 43.1 Gbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
epoll(7) references now include a generic part in order to
demultiplex data to the relevant protocol handler, using 24
bits for the socket number, and an opaque portion reserved for
usage by the single protocol handlers, in order to track sockets
back to corresponding connections and bindings.
A number of fixes pertaining to TCP state machine and congestion
window handling are also included here.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
...sharing the same filesystem. Instead of a fixed path for the UNIX
domain socket, passt now uses a path with a counter, probing for
existing instances, and picking the first free one.
The demo script is updated accordingly -- it can now be started several
times to create multiple namespaces with an instance of passt each,
with addressing reflecting separate subnets, and NDP proxying between
them.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Add support for a variable amount of DNS servers, including zero,
from /etc/resolv.conf, in DHCP, NDP and DHCPv6 implementations.
Introduce support for domain search list for DHCP (RFC 3397),
NDP (RFC 8106), and DHCPv6 (RFC 3646), also sourced from
/etc/resolv.conf.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
