diff --git a/gofurther/vfio-pci.md b/gofurther/vfio-pci.md
index aa04bbe..72d6845 100644
--- a/gofurther/vfio-pci.md
+++ b/gofurther/vfio-pci.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
title: Virtual Function I/O passthrough (vfio-pci)
description: Pass a physical device to a guest sysstem
published: true
-date: 2025-04-01T11:26:11.765Z
+date: 2025-04-01T16:12:32.063Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2025-04-01T11:18:43.924Z
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ dateCreated: 2025-04-01T11:18:43.924Z
## Isolate the physical device
-* Copy paste the following:
+* List IOMMU groups and their associated devices (script courtesy of the [Arch Linux wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF#Ensuring_that_the_groups_are_valid):
```
$ shopt -s nullglob
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ for g in $(find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/* -maxdepth 0 -type d | sort -V); do
echo -e "\t$(lspci -nns ${d##*/})"
done;
done;
-```
-```
IOMMU Group 0:
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Iris Pro Graphics 580 [8086:193b] (rev 09)
IOMMU Group 1:
@@ -48,16 +46,7 @@ IOMMU Group 4:
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 [8086:a13a] (rev 31)
IOMMU Group 5:
00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 [8086:a110] (rev f1)
-IOMMU Group 6:
- 00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 [8086:a111] (rev f1)
-IOMMU Group 7:
- 00:1c.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 [8086:a112] (rev f1)
-IOMMU Group 8:
- 00:1c.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 [8086:a114] (rev f1)
-IOMMU Group 9:
- 00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 [8086:a118] (rev f1)
-IOMMU Group 10:
- 00:1d.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #13 [8086:a11c] (rev f1)
+[...]
IOMMU Group 11:
00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller [8086:a14e] (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller [0580]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller [8086:a121] (rev 31)
@@ -73,121 +62,33 @@ IOMMU Group 15:
3d:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 [144d:a802] (rev 01)
IOMMU Group 16:
3e:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Intel Corporation SSD 660P Series [8086:f1a8] (rev 03)
-IOMMU Group 17:
-lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
-
-IOMMU Group 18:
-lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
-
-IOMMU Group 19:
-lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
-
-
-
-```
-List all available vGPUs types:
-
-```
-$ mdevctl types
-0000:00:02.0
- i915-GVTg_V5_1
- Available instances: 1
- Device API: vfio-pci
- Description: low_gm_size: 512MB, high_gm_size: 2048MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 16
- i915-GVTg_V5_2
- Available instances: 2
- Device API: vfio-pci
- Description: low_gm_size: 256MB, high_gm_size: 1024MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 8
- i915-GVTg_V5_4
- Available instances: 5
- Device API: vfio-pci
- Description: low_gm_size: 128MB, high_gm_size: 512MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 4
- i915-GVTg_V5_8
- Available instances: 7
- Device API: vfio-pci
- Description: low_gm_size: 64MB, high_gm_size: 384MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1024x768, weight: 2
+[...]
```
-> Allocating more memory to the GPU in the platform firmware may increase the number of vGPUs one can create. See [*Troubleshooting*](#troubleshooting) section below
+> In general, but not always, devices associated to a particular IOMMU group have to be passed through a guest system together
{.is-info}
-In the example above, the `i915-GVTg_V5_4` virtual type seems to offer the best trade-offs between the available resolution and the number of available instances.
+In the above example, most devices are well isolated, at the exception to the USB controller and the HD audio controller
-* Generate a universally unique identifier (UUID) with the following command:
-
-```
-$ uuidgen
-7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
-```
-
-* Start a vGPU based on the kind `i915-GVTg_V5_4` using the previously generated UUID
-
-```
-# mdevctl start --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 -p 0000:00:02.0 --type i915-GVTg_V5_4
-```
-
-* Define, or make this vGPU permanent:
-
-```
-# mdevctl define --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
-```
-
-* Set the vGPU to auto-start after the host boots up:
-
-```
-# mdevctl modify --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 --auto
-```
-
-* Finally, verify that the vGPU has successfully been created and is set to auto-start:
-
-```
-$ mdevctl list --defined
-7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 0000:00:02.0 i915-GVTg_V5_4 auto (active)
-```
-
-### Remove any video device or display devices
-
-* Remove any video device such as `virtio-gpu` and set the last one to the `none`.
-
-```
-
-[...]
-
-[...]
-
-[...]
-
-[...]
-
-```
-
-### Assign a vGPU to a virtual machine
-
-* Add that segment to a virtual machine's definition. Make sure the provided `uuid` matches the previously generated UUID.
-
-```
-
-[...]
-
-[...]
-
-
-
-
-
-[...]
-
-[...]
-
-```
-
-* Start the machine in headless mode. It is possible to connect to this machine over a console interface.
+| IOMMU Group | Device | ID |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 0 | Intel Corporation Iris Pro Graphics 580 | 8086:193b |
+| 2 | Intel Gaussian Mixture Model - Neural Network Accelerator | 8086:1911 |
+| 3 | USB 3.0 xHCI Controller | 8086:a12f |
+| 3 | Thermal Subsystem | 8086:a131 |
+| 4 | MEI Controller | 8086:a13a |
+| 11 | HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller | 8086:a14e |
+| 11 | Power Management Controller | 8086:a121 |
+| 11 | HD Audio Controller | 8086:a170 |
+| 11 | SMBus | 8086:a123 |
+| 12 | Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM | 8086:15b7 |
+| 13 | SD/MMC Card Reader Controller | 1217:8621 |
+| 14 | Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 | 8086:24f3 |
+| 15 | NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 | 144d:a802 |
+| 16 | Intel Corporation SSD 660P Series | 8086:f1a8 |
## Add a display device
-
## Troubleshooting
### Low number of available vGPU instances