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Libvirt provides a portable, long term stable C API for managing the
virtualization technologies provided by many operating systems. It
includes support for QEMU, KVM, Xen, LXC, bhyve, Virtuozzo, VMware
vCenter and ESX, VMware Desktop, Hyper-V, VirtualBox and the POWER
Hypervisor.
3b71f2e42d
In the past (when both libvirt and firewalld used iptables), if either libvirt's rules *OR* firewalld's rules accepted a packet, it would be accepted. This was because libvirt and firewalld rules were processed during the same kernel hook, and a single ACCEPT result would terminate the rule traversal and cause the packet to be accepted. But now firewalld can use nftables for its backend, while libvirt's firewall rules are still using iptables; iptables rules are still processed, but at a different time during packet processing (i.e. during a different hook) than the firewalld nftables rules. The result is that a packet must be accepted by *BOTH* the libvirt iptables rules *AND* the firewalld nftable rules in order to be accepted. This causes pain because 1) libvirt always adds rules to permit DNS and DHCP (and sometimes TFTP) from guests to the host network's bridge interface. But libvirt's bridges are in firewalld's "default" zone (which is usually the zone called "public"). The public zone allows ssh, but doesn't allow DNS, DHCP, or TFTP. So even though libvirt's rules allow the DHCP and DNS traffic, the firewalld rules (now processed during a different hook) dont, thus guests connected to libvirt's bridges can't acquire an IP address from DHCP, nor can they make DNS queries to the DNS server libvirt has setup on the host. (This could be solved by modifying the default firewalld zone to allow DNS and DHCP, but that would open *all* interfaces in the default zone to those services, which is most likely not what the host's admin wants.) 2) Even though libvirt adds iptables rules to allow forwarded traffic to pass the iptables hook, firewalld's higher level "rich rules" don't yet have the ability to configure the acceptance of forwarded traffic (traffic that is going somewhere beyond the host), so any traffic that needs to be forwarded from guests to the network beyond the host is rejected during the nftables hook by the default zone's "default reject" policy (which rejects all traffic in the zone not specifically allowed by the rules in the zone, whether that traffic is destined to be forwarded or locally received by the host). libvirt can't send "direct" nftables rules (firewalld only supports direct/passthrough rules for iptables), so we can't solve this problem by just sending explicit nftables rules instead of explicit iptables rules (which, if it could be done, would place libvirt's rules in the same hook as firewalld's native rules, and thus eliminate the need for packets to be accepted by both libvirt's and firewalld's own rules). However, we can take advantage of a quirk in firewalld zones that have a default policy of "accept" (meaning any packet that doesn't match a specific rule in the zone will be *accepted*) - this default accept will also accept forwarded traffic (not just traffic destined for the host). Of course we don't want to modify firewalld's default zone in that way, because that would affect the filtering of traffic coming into the host from other interfaces using that zone. Instead, we will create a new zone called "libvirt". The libvirt zone will have a default policy of accept so that forwarded traffic can pass and list specific services that will be allowed into the host from guests (DNS, DHCP, SSH, and TFTP). But the same default accept policy that fixes forwarded traffic also causes *all* traffic from guest to host to be accepted. To close this new hole, the libvirt zone can take advantage of a new feature in firewalld (currently slated for firewalld-0.7.0) - priorities for rich rules - to add a low priority rule that rejects all local traffic (but leaves alone all forwarded traffic). So, our new zone will start with a list of services that are allowed (dhcp, dns, tftp, and ssh to start, but configurable via any firewalld management application, or direct editing of the zone file in /etc/firewalld/zones/libvirt.xml), followed by a low priority <reject/> rule (to reject all other traffic from guest to host), and finally with a default policy of accept (to allow forwarded traffic). This patch only creates the zonefile for the new zone, and implements a configure.ac option to selectively enable/disable installation of the new zone. A separate patch contains the necessary code to actually place bridge interfaces in the libvirt zone. Why do we need a configure option to disable installation of the new libvirt zone? It uses a new firewalld attribute that sets the priority of a rich rule; this feature first appears in firewalld-0.7.0 (unless it has been backported to am earlier firewalld by a downstream maintainer). If the file were installed on a system with firewalld that didn't support rule priorities, firewalld would log an error every time it restarted, causing confusion and lots of extra bug reports. So we add two new configure.ac switches to avoid polluting the system logs with this error on systems that don't support rule priorities - "--with-firewalld-zone" and "--without-firewalld-zone". A package builder can use these to include/exclude the libvirt zone file in the installation. If firewalld is enabled (--with-firewalld), the default is --with-firewalld-zone, but it can be disabled during configure (using --without-firewalld-zone). Targets that are using a firewalld version too old to support the rule priority setting in the libvirt zone file can simply add --without-firewalld-zone to their configure commandline. These switches only affect whether or not the libvirt zone file is *installed* in /usr/lib/firewalld/zones, but have no effect on whether or not libvirt looks for a zone called libvirt and tries to use it. NB: firewalld zones can only be added to the permanent config of firewalld, and won't be loaded/enabled until firewalld is restarted, so at package install/upgrade time we have to restart firewalld. For rpm-based distros, this is done in the libvirt.spec file by calling the %firewalld_restart rpm macro, which is a part of the firewalld-filesystem package. (For distros that don't use rpm packages, the command "firewalld-cmd --reload" will have the same effect). Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org> Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> |
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| .mailmap | ||
| .travis.yml | ||
| .ycm_extra_conf.py.in | ||
| ABOUT-NLS | ||
| AUTHORS.in | ||
| autogen.sh | ||
| bootstrap | ||
| bootstrap.conf | ||
| cfg.mk | ||
| ChangeLog-old | ||
| config-post.h | ||
| configure.ac | ||
| COPYING | ||
| COPYING.LESSER | ||
| libvirt-admin.pc.in | ||
| libvirt-lxc.pc.in | ||
| libvirt-qemu.pc.in | ||
| libvirt.pc.in | ||
| libvirt.spec.in | ||
| Makefile.am | ||
| Makefile.nonreentrant | ||
| mingw-libvirt.spec.in | ||
| README | ||
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| run.in | ||
Libvirt API for virtualization
Libvirt provides a portable, long term stable C API for managing the virtualization technologies provided by many operating systems. It includes support for QEMU, KVM, Xen, LXC, bhyve, Virtuozzo, VMware vCenter and ESX, VMware Desktop, Hyper-V, VirtualBox and the POWER Hypervisor.
For some of these hypervisors, it provides a stateful management daemon which runs on the virtualization host allowing access to the API both by non-privileged local users and remote users.
Layered packages provide bindings of the libvirt C API into other languages including Python, Perl, PHP, Go, Java, OCaml, as well as mappings into object systems such as GObject, CIM and SNMP.
Further information about the libvirt project can be found on the website:
License
The libvirt C API is distributed under the terms of GNU Lesser General
Public License, version 2.1 (or later). Some parts of the code that are
not part of the C library may have the more restrictive GNU General
Public License, version 2.1 (or later). See the files COPYING.LESSER
and COPYING for full license terms & conditions.
Installation
Libvirt uses the GNU Autotools build system, so in general can be built and installed with the usual commands. For example, to build in a manner that is suitable for installing as root, use:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var
$ make
$ sudo make install
While to build & install as an unprivileged user
$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/usr
$ make
$ make install
The libvirt code relies on a large number of 3rd party libraries. These will
be detected during execution of the configure script and a summary printed
which lists any missing (optional) dependencies.
Contributing
The libvirt project welcomes contributions in many ways. For most components the best way to contribute is to send patches to the primary development mailing list. Further guidance on this can be found on the website:
https://libvirt.org/contribute.html
Contact
The libvirt project has two primary mailing lists:
- libvirt-users@redhat.com (for user discussions)
- libvir-list@redhat.com (for development only)
Further details on contacting the project are available on the website: