docs: update gofurther/vfio-pci
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title: Virtual Function I/O passthrough (vfio-pci)
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description: Pass a physical device to a guest sysstem
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published: true
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date: 2025-04-01T11:26:11.765Z
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date: 2025-04-01T16:12:32.063Z
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tags:
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editor: markdown
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dateCreated: 2025-04-01T11:18:43.924Z
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ dateCreated: 2025-04-01T11:18:43.924Z
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## Isolate the physical device
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* Copy paste the following:
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* List IOMMU groups and their associated devices (script courtesy of the [Arch Linux wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF#Ensuring_that_the_groups_are_valid):
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```
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$ shopt -s nullglob
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@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ for g in $(find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/* -maxdepth 0 -type d | sort -V); do
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echo -e "\t$(lspci -nns ${d##*/})"
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done;
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done;
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```
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```
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IOMMU Group 0:
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00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Iris Pro Graphics 580 [8086:193b] (rev 09)
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IOMMU Group 1:
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@ -48,16 +46,7 @@ IOMMU Group 4:
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00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 [8086:a13a] (rev 31)
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IOMMU Group 5:
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00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 [8086:a110] (rev f1)
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IOMMU Group 6:
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00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 [8086:a111] (rev f1)
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IOMMU Group 7:
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00:1c.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 [8086:a112] (rev f1)
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IOMMU Group 8:
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00:1c.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 [8086:a114] (rev f1)
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IOMMU Group 9:
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00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 [8086:a118] (rev f1)
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IOMMU Group 10:
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00:1d.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #13 [8086:a11c] (rev f1)
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[...]
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IOMMU Group 11:
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00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller [8086:a14e] (rev 31)
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00:1f.2 Memory controller [0580]: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller [8086:a121] (rev 31)
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@ -73,121 +62,33 @@ IOMMU Group 15:
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3d:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 [144d:a802] (rev 01)
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IOMMU Group 16:
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3e:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Intel Corporation SSD 660P Series [8086:f1a8] (rev 03)
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IOMMU Group 17:
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lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
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IOMMU Group 18:
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lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
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IOMMU Group 19:
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lspci: -s: Invalid slot number
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```
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List all available vGPUs types:
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```
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$ mdevctl types
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0000:00:02.0
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i915-GVTg_V5_1
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Available instances: 1
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 512MB, high_gm_size: 2048MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 16
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i915-GVTg_V5_2
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Available instances: 2
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 256MB, high_gm_size: 1024MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 8
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i915-GVTg_V5_4
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Available instances: 5
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 128MB, high_gm_size: 512MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 4
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i915-GVTg_V5_8
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Available instances: 7
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 64MB, high_gm_size: 384MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1024x768, weight: 2
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[...]
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```
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> Allocating more memory to the GPU in the platform firmware may increase the number of vGPUs one can create. See [*Troubleshooting*](#troubleshooting) section below
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> In general, but not always, devices associated to a particular IOMMU group have to be passed through a guest system together
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{.is-info}
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In the example above, the `i915-GVTg_V5_4` virtual type seems to offer the best trade-offs between the available resolution and the number of available instances.
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In the above example, most devices are well isolated, at the exception to the USB controller and the HD audio controller
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* Generate a universally unique identifier (UUID) with the following command:
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```
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$ uuidgen
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7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
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```
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* Start a vGPU based on the kind `i915-GVTg_V5_4` using the previously generated UUID
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```
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# mdevctl start --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 -p 0000:00:02.0 --type i915-GVTg_V5_4
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```
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* Define, or make this vGPU permanent:
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```
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# mdevctl define --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
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```
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* Set the vGPU to auto-start after the host boots up:
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```
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# mdevctl modify --uuid 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 --auto
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```
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* Finally, verify that the vGPU has successfully been created and is set to auto-start:
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```
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$ mdevctl list --defined
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7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 0000:00:02.0 i915-GVTg_V5_4 auto (active)
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```
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### Remove any video device or display devices
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* Remove any video device such as `virtio-gpu` and set the last one to the `none`.
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```
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<domain type="kvm">
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[...]
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<device>
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[...]
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<video>
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<model type="none"/>
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</video>
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[...]
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</device>
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[...]
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</domain>
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```
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### Assign a vGPU to a virtual machine
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* Add that segment to a virtual machine's definition. Make sure the provided `uuid` matches the previously generated UUID.
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```
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<domain type="kvm">
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[...]
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<device>
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[...]
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<hostdev mode="subsystem" type="mdev" managed="no" model="vfio-pci" display="off" ramfb="off">
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<source>
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<address uuid="7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66"/>
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</source>
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</hostdev>
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[...]
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</device>
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[...]
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</domain>
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```
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* Start the machine in headless mode. It is possible to connect to this machine over a console interface.
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| IOMMU Group | Device | ID |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| 0 | Intel Corporation Iris Pro Graphics 580 | 8086:193b |
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| 2 | Intel Gaussian Mixture Model - Neural Network Accelerator | 8086:1911 |
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| 3 | USB 3.0 xHCI Controller | 8086:a12f |
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| 3 | Thermal Subsystem | 8086:a131 |
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| 4 | MEI Controller | 8086:a13a |
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| 11 | HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller | 8086:a14e |
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| 11 | Power Management Controller | 8086:a121 |
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| 11 | HD Audio Controller | 8086:a170 |
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| 11 | SMBus | 8086:a123 |
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| 12 | Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM | 8086:15b7 |
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| 13 | SD/MMC Card Reader Controller | 1217:8621 |
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| 14 | Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 | 8086:24f3 |
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| 15 | NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 | 144d:a802 |
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| 16 | Intel Corporation SSD 660P Series | 8086:f1a8 |
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## Add a display device
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## Troubleshooting
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### Low number of available vGPU instances
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