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title: Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev)
description: Create and Configure Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev)
published: true
date: 2022-07-27T23:53:40.933Z
date: 2022-07-28T01:25:56.298Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2022-07-21T21:10:41.046Z
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# Configure Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices
Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev) allows you to split a compatible GPU into multiple virtual GPUs (vGPUs). These vGPUs can then be assigned to a virtual machine, just as real GPUs.
> *These instructions only cover Intel GPUs that are compatible with vfio-mdev (5th to 10th generation). Since generation 11th, vfio-mdev has been replaced by SR-IOV.*
{.is-warning}
> These instructions only cover Intel GPUs that are compatible with vfio-mdev (5th to 10th generation). Since generation 11th, Intel graphics do not support vfio-mdev but SR-IOV.
{.is-info}
GPUs compatible with [Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/vfio-mediated-device.html) (vfio-mdev) can be split into multiple virtual GPUs (vGPUs).
vGPUs can be assigned to virtual machines or containers.
*How to do so?*
## Preparation
### Update the GRUB
* Make sure the GRUB has been updated after [the first boot](https://wiki.phyllo.me/getstarted/disk#update-grub-and-reboot)
* On a freshly deployed edition of Phyllome OS optimized for Intel Graphics such as [Phyllome OS Desktop II](https://wiki.phyllo.me/deploy/rightforyou), make sure that the GRUB has been updated.
### Modify the system allocated to the GPU in the BIOS/UEFI
```
sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
```
* Then reboot your computer
```
sudo reboot
```
### Modify GPU Memory in BIOS/UEFI
> Only available for Intel Graphics cards
> Some computers allow you to modify the system memory allocated or shared with the integrated GPU, which may allow you to create more vGPUs.
{.is-info}
Some computers allow you to modify the GPU memory allocated your desktop-based computers. It will reserve system memory for the GPUs.
> For Intel integrated graphics cards only; rarely available on laptops computers.
{.is-warning}
To do so, you need to enter the BIOS/UEFI and to look for a setting called GPU Aperture size, or GPU memory.
* Before the host operating system boots up, you need to enter the BIOS/UEFI and to look for a setting called *GPU aperture size*, or *GPU shared memory*.
* Use the highest possible value.
> System memory will be reserved for the GPU, so make sure you have enough system memory to accomodate both the GPU and your operating system.
{.is-warning}
Use the highest value possible, but make sure you have enough system memory to accomodate both the GPU and your operating system.
## Create a virtual GPU
Upon reboot, you should then be able to list available GPUs using the `mdevctl` command.
* List available virtual GPUs
* List available virtual GPUs:
```
mdevctl types
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Description: low_gm_size: 64MB, high_gm_size: 384MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1024x768, weight: 2
```
* You may need to increase GPU aperture size if there is no available instance.
> Increasing the system memory allocated to the GPU (GPU aperture size), as shown in the previous section, may increase the number and kind of available instances.
{.is-info}
In this case, the `i915-GVTg_V5_4` kind seems to offer the best trade-offs between the available resolution and the number of available instances.
@ -168,5 +167,5 @@ Great you have
## Resources
* Official page for vfio-mdev: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/vfio-mediated-device.html
* Archlinux's entry on Intel GVT-g: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Intel_GVT-g
* Archlinux's *must read entry* on Intel GVT-g: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Intel_GVT-g
* DMA-BUF Linux documentation: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/dma-buf.html