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docs: update virt/host/modules

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virt/host/modules.md
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title: Kernel modules
description:
published: true
date: 2023-02-05T11:36:49.334Z
date: 2023-02-05T17:31:27.749Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2021-11-13T11:58:03.276Z
---
# Host-specific configuration and information
# Host configuration and information
> Section under construction
{.is-warning}
## Hardware-assisted virtualization
## IOMMU-enablement
By default, Linux distributions do not generally enable IOMMU groups, a prerequisite to use VFIO passthrough.
### With GRUB as a bootloader
* For Intel CPUs, the following command adds the necessary bits:
```
# sed -i 's/\(quiet\)/\1 intel_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci/i' /etc/default/grub # Load kernel modules in GRUB.
```
> `iommu=pt` makes sure that only devices that can be pass to a virtual machine will be flagged as such. `rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci` makes sure that the `vfio-pci` driver is loaded early in the boot process.
{.is-info}
* For AMD CPUs, IOMMU groups are created by default, so the command is a bit different:
```
# sed -i 's/\(quiet\)/\1 iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci/i' /etc/default/grub # Load kernel modules in GRUB.
```
* It should then look like this:
```
cat /etc/default/grub
```
Then, one needs to regenerate GRUB.
* On Debian-based distributions:
```
# update-grub
```
### With systemd-boot as a bootloader
> Section under construction
{.is-warning}
## Nested virtualization
> Section under construction
{.is-warning}
Nested virtualization is rarely enabled on Linux distributions.
* For Intel-based CPUs:
## Linux virtualization-related kernel modules
```
echo "options kvm_intel nested=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf # Add support for nested-virtualization
```
* For AMD-based CPUs:
```
echo "options kvm_amd nested=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf # Add support for nested-virtualization
```
## Virtualization-related kernel modules
This list is only concerned about kernel modules that relates to virtualization. Their description can be found using the `modinfo` command.