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136 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
136 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Kernel modules
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description:
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published: true
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date: 2023-02-08T18:42:56.268Z
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tags:
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editor: markdown
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dateCreated: 2021-11-13T11:58:03.276Z
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---
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# Host configuration and information
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> Section under construction
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{.is-warning}
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## IOMMU-enablement
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By default, Linux distributions do not generally enable IOMMU groups, a prerequisite to share real hardware to virtual machines using modern virtualization techniques.
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### With GRUB as a bootloader
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* For Intel CPUs, the following command adds the necessary bits:
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```
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# sed -i 's/\(quiet\)/\1 intel_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci/i' /etc/default/grub # Load kernel modules in GRUB.
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```
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> `iommu=pt` makes sure that only devices that can be pass to a virtual machine will be flagged as such. `rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci` makes sure that the `vfio-pci` driver is loaded early in the boot process.
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{.is-info}
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* For AMD CPUs, IOMMU groups are created by default, so the command is a bit different:
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```
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# sed -i 's/\(quiet\)/\1 iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci/i' /etc/default/grub # Load kernel modules in GRUB.
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```
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* It should then look like this:
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```
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$ cat /etc/default/grub
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```
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Then, one needs to regenerate GRUB.
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* On Debian-based distributions:
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```
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# update-grub
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```
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### With systemd-boot as a bootloader
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> Section under construction
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{.is-warning}
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## Nested virtualization
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Nested virtualization is rarely enabled on Linux distributions.
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* For Intel-based CPUs:
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```
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echo "options kvm_intel nested=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf
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```
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* For AMD-based CPUs:
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```
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echo "options kvm_amd nested=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf
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```
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### VMCS Shadowing (Intel-only)
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* Enabling VMCS shadowing may give [a performance boost](https://storpool.com/blog/nested-virtualization-with-kvm-and-opennebula) on Haswell CPUs and later. Append that `enable_shadow_vmcs=1` to *kvm.conf*. It should look like that:
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```
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cat /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf
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options kvm_intel nested=1 enable_shadow_vmcs=1
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```
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## Virtualization-related kernel modules
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This list is only concerned about kernel modules that relates to virtualization. Their description can be found using the `modinfo` command.
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```
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kvm_intel # ""
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kvm_amd # ""
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kvm # Kernel virtual machine module for Linux
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```
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```
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vfio_pci # "VFIO PCI - User Level meta-driver"
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vfio_virqfd # "IRQFD support for VFIO bus drivers"
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vfio_iommu_type1 # "Type1 IOMMU driver for VFIO"
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vfio # "VFIO - User Level meta-driver"
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vfio_mdev # "VFIO based driver for Mediated device"
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```
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```
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mdev # "Mediated device Core Driver"
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```
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```
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vhost_net # "Host kernel accelerator for virtio net"
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vhost # "Host kernel accelerator for virtio"
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vhost_iotlb # "VHOST IOTLB"
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```
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```
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tap # ""
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tun # "Universal TUN/TAP device driver"
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```
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```
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virtio_net # "Virtio network driver"
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virtio_balloon # "Virtio balloon driver"
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virtio_blk # "Virtio block driver"
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virtio_console # "Virtio console driver"
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virtio_scsi # "Virtio SCSI HBA driver"
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virtio_gpu # "Virtio GPU driver"
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virtio_dma_buf #
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```
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```
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qemu_fw_cfg # "QEMU fw_cfg sysfs support"
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irqbypass # "IRQ bypass manager utility module"
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net_failover # "Failover driver for Paravirtual drivers"
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failover # "Generic failover infrastructure/interface"
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```
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## Ressources
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* https://storpool.com/blog/nested-virtualization-with-kvm-and-opennebula/
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---
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*[**Go to parent page**](https://wiki.phyllo.me/)* |