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140 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
140 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev)
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description: Create and Configure Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev)
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published: true
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date: 2022-07-24T16:37:28.365Z
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tags:
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editor: markdown
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dateCreated: 2022-07-21T21:10:41.046Z
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---
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# Configure Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices
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Virtual Function I/O Mediated devices (vfio-mdev) allows you to split a compatible GPU into multiple virtual GPUs (vGPUs). These vGPUs can then be assigned to a virtual machine, just as real GPUs.
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> These instructions only cover Intel GPUs that are compatible with vfio-mdev (5th to 10th generation). Since generation 11th, Intel graphics do not support vfio-mdev but SR-IOV.
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{.is-info}
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## Preparation
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### Update the GRUB
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* On a freshly deployed edition of Phyllome OS optimized for Intel Graphics such as [Phyllome OS Desktop II](https://wiki.phyllo.me/deploy/rightforyou), make sure that the GRUB has been updated.
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```
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sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
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```
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* Then reboot your computer
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```
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sudo reboot
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```
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### Modify GPU Memory in BIOS/UEFI
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> Only available for Intel Graphics cards
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{.is-info}
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Some computers allow you to modify the GPU memory allocated your desktop-based computers. It will reserve system memory for the GPUs.
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To do so, you need to enter the BIOS/UEFI and to look for a setting called GPU Aperture size, or GPU memory.
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Use the highest value possible, but make sure you have enough system memory to accomodate both the GPU and your operating system.
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## Create a virtual GPU
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Upon reboot, you should then be able to list available GPUs using the `mdevctl` command.
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* List available virtual GPUs
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```
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mdevctl types
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```
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```
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0000:00:02.0
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i915-GVTg_V5_1
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Available instances: 1
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 512MB, high_gm_size: 2048MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 16
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i915-GVTg_V5_2
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Available instances: 2
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 256MB, high_gm_size: 1024MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 8
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i915-GVTg_V5_4
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Available instances: 5
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 128MB, high_gm_size: 512MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1920x1200, weight: 4
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i915-GVTg_V5_8
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Available instances: 7
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Device API: vfio-pci
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Description: low_gm_size: 64MB, high_gm_size: 384MB, fence: 4, resolution: 1024x768, weight: 2
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```
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* You may need to increase GPU aperture size if there is no available instance.
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In this case, the `i915-GVTg_V5_4` kind seems to offer the best trade-offs between the available resolution and the number of available instances.
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* Generate unique id
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```
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uuidgen
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```
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```
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7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
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```
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* Start a vGPU based off this id and of type `i915-GVTg_V5_4`
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```
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sudo mdevctl start -u 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 -p 0000:00:02.0 --type i915-GVTg_V5_4
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```
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* Define, or make this vGPU permanent.
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```
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sudo mdevctl define -u 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66
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```
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* Set it to auto-start when the host has boot up.
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```
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sudo mdevctl modify -u 7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 --auto
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```
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* Verify it has successfully been created
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```
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mdevctl list -d
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```
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```
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7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66 0000:00:02.0 i915-GVTg_V5_4 auto (active)
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```
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## Assign a virtual GPU to a virtual machine
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* Add that segment to a virtual machine's definition. Modify the UUID address according to the previously generated UUID.
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```
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<hostdev mode="subsystem" type="mdev" managed="no" model="vfio-pci" display="on" ramfb="on">
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<source>
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<address uuid="7686131b-b229-4768-a02c-35d1dbed7c66"/>
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</source>
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<address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x09" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
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</hostdev>
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```
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* Notice RAMFB option, which allows to see the output of a virtual monitor before an operating system takes over.
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## Remove any video device
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* Remove any video device, such as virtio-gpu. Or pick `none`.
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## Resources
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* Official page for vfio-mdev: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/vfio-mediated-device.html
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* Archlinux's entry on Intel GVT-g: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Intel_GVT-g
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